The conversion of lactate to glucose in the liver requires the input of 6 mol of ATP for every mol of glucose produced.Investigators can monitor the extent of this process in a rat liver preparation by administering [¹4C]lactate and measuring theamount of [¹4C]glucose produced.Because the stoichiometry of O, consumption and ATP production is known (about 5 ATP per O₂), investigators can predict theextra O₂ consumption above the normal rate after administering a given amount of lactate. However, when they actually measurethe extra O₂ used in the synthesis of glucose from lactate, it is always higher than what the stoichiometric relationships predict.What could explain this observation?Unproductive cycling of ADP and ATP occurs, with extra O, consumption.The initial production of lactate requires extra O₂.The conversion of [C]lactate to [C]glucose requires less ATP and less O₂.The production of [C]glucose uses more O, than the production of unlabeled glucose.

Glycolysis: a 6-carbon molecule of glucose-6-phosphate is broken down into 3-carbon pyruvate which…

Answered: The conversion of lactate to glucose in…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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If palmitic acid is subjected to complete combustion in a bomb calorimeter, one can calculate a standard free energy of combustion of 9788 kJ/mol. From the ATP yield of palmitate oxidation, what is the metabolic efficiency of the biological oxidation, in terms of kilojoules saved as ATP per kilojoule released? (Ignore the cost of fatty acid activation.)
A camel hump contains 12 kg of triacylgylcerols. (a) Given that there are 0.491 moles of ATP per gram of fat, how many moles of ATP could be produced by the fat in the camel hump?(b) If the hydrolysis of ATP releases 7.3 kcal/mole, how many kilocalories are produced by the utilization of the fat?
A total of 30.5 kJ mol-1 of free energy is needed to synthesise ATP from ADP and Pi when the reactants and products are at 1.0 M concentrations and the temperature is 25oC. Because the actual physiological concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi are not 1.0 M, and the temperature is 37oC, the free energy required to synthesise ATP under physiological conditions is actually ~ 46.2 kJ mol-1. A 68 kg adult requires an energy intake of 8,550 kJ of food per day (24 hours). Calculate the mass (in Kg) of ATP synthesised by a human adult in 24 hours, assuming that the percentage efficiency of converting inputted calories in ATP is 50%. What percentage of the body weight does this represent?
If a slight deficiency in the Vitamin B1 derivative Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP) leads to an accumulation of substrates for reactions utilizing this cofactor, A) what substrates would ‘accumulate’ in a human after eating a an enormous amount of sugar-laden Halloween candy, AND what would be the regulatory consequences on carbohydrate metabolism? B) what substrates would accumulate in yeast cells cultured under anaerobic (no oxygen) conditions AND what would be the regulatory consequences on carbohydrate metabolism? C) and lastly, what substrates would accumulate in plant cells incorporating carbon and generating energy solely using photosynthesis?
If a slight deficiency in the Vitamin B1 derivative Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP) leads to an accumulation of substrates for reactions utilizing this cofactor, A) what substrates would ‘accumulate’ in a human after eating a an enormous amount of sugar-laden Halloween candy, AND what would be the regulatory consequences on carbohydrate metabolism? B) What substrates would accumulate in yeast cells cultured under anaerobic (no oxygen) conditions AND what would be the regulatory consequences on carbohydrate metabolism? C) What substrates would accumulate in plant cells incorporating carbon and generating energy solely using photosynthesis?
Consider the coupled reactions: 1,3-BPG → 3-PG + Pi ΔG°'= -16.3 kcalmolkcalmol ATP → ADP + Pi ΔG°'= -7.3 kcalmolkcalmol Which of the following is TRUE about the total ΔG°’ for the coupled reactions? -9.0 kcal/mol; spontaneous +9.0 kcal/mol; nonspontaneous -23.6 kcal/mol; spontaneous +23.6 kcal/mol; nonspontaneous
Does the complete oxidation of tridecanoic acid (C13:0) make more ATP than the complete oxidation of 9-tetradecenoic acid (C14:1, Δ9) inside human body? Show your calculation.
Assume that you have a solution of 0.1 M glucose 6-phosphate. To this solution you add the enzyme phosphoglucomutase, which catalyzes the reaction: glucose-6-P ⇔ glucose-1-P ∆G°′ = +1.7 kJ/mol (a) Does this reaction proceed at all as written at 25 °C, and if so, what are the final concentrations of glucose 6-P and glucose 1-P? (b) What effect would omitting the enzyme have on the reaction. Be specific. (c) Under what cellular conditions, if any, would this reaction continuously produce glucose 1-P at a high rate?
The conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase has a △G°' of -7.6 kJ/mol. Calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 298 K and a pH of 7. (R = 8.315 J/K-mol) A. 0.003 B. 0.047 C. 1.00 D. 21
If, in addition to the constraints on glucose concentration listed previously, we have in the liver cell ATP concentration = 5 mM and ADP concentration = 5 mM , what is the theoretical concentration of glucose-6-phosphate at equilibrium at pH=7.4 and 37 ∘C ? Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. Please type answer note write by hend.
If the hydrolysis of 1 M glucose 6-phosphate catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphatase has a ΔG′∘ of −11.386 kJ/mol at 25 °C, what percentage of substrate remains once the reaction reaches equilibrium assuming no product was initially present? (Round answer to the nearest whole number)
Consider the coupled reactions: 1,3-BPG → 3-PG + Pi ΔG°'= -16.3 kcalmolkcalmol ATP → ADP + Pi ΔG°'= -7.3 kcalmolkcalmol Which of the following is TRUE about the total ΔG°’ for the coupled reactions? A. +23.6 kcal/mol; nonspontaneous B. -23.6 kcal/mol; spontaneous C. +9.0 kcal/mol; nonspontaneous D. -9.0 kcal/mol; spontaneous

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