The following are the conditions that determines the direction of ions as it pass through the channels EXCEPT relative concentration on either side of membrane. presence of receptors. is the gated channel open or closed? voltage differences across membrane. 00

The following are the conditions that determines the direction of ions as it pass through the channels EXCEPT relative concentration on either side of membrane. presence of receptors. is the gated channel open or closed? voltage differences across membrane. 00

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter13: The Nervous System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5SQ: The accelerating flow of _______ ions through gated channels across the membrane triggers an action...

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Concept explainers

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.

Question

The following are the conditions that determines the direction of ions as it pass through the channels EXCEPT
relative concentration on either side of membrane.
presence of receptors.
is the gated channel open or closed?
voltage differences across membrane.

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The accelerating flow of _______ ions through gated channels across the membrane triggers an action potential. a. potassium b. sodium c. hydrogen d. a and b
Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)
Which of the following is the correct statement regarding ion channels? Physical deformation of the membrane cannot open ion channels Ligand-gating means that an ion binds to the channel, which stimulates its opening. If the channel pore was the right size, Na and K could both pass through because they have the same charge A voltage gated Na channel can open to allow Na movement against its electrochemical gradient
A change in membrane potential which is due to ion influx or efflux in a single region with the ions then diffusing away from that region is called a(n) ______
Which of the following statements about ion channels is INCORRECT? Like carrier proteins, most channel proteins are specific regarding which molecules are allowed to pass. Channel proteins can have open or closed configurations. Unlike carrier proteins, some channel proteins are engaged in active transport of solutes. Channel proteins are used extensively in nerve cells, in which they are responsible for transduction of electrical signals. Compared to carrier proteins, channel proteins allow much faster transport.
Which of the following is important in active transport of ions in neurons? membrane channels membrane pumps membrane enzymes gated-channels
Which of the following ion movements would be expected to produce an IPSP? Opening a calcium channel Opening a potassium channel Simultaneous opening of a chloride channel and a sodium channel Opening a sodium channel
Which of the following statements best describes the features of voltage-gated K+ channels? They consist of 4 subunits, are activated at the same time as voltage-gated Na+ channels, but do not inactivate. They consist of 4 subunits, are activated by depolarisation and close slowly during the refractory period. They have 24 membrane spanning alpha helices, 4 of which have positively charged amino acids which promote a conformational change in the channel following depolarisation. They consist of 4 subunits and are open at rest which causes the resting membrane potential to be close to the K+ equilibrium potential.
Which of the following ion channels are always electrosensitive? stress-activated channels ligand-gated channels with extracellular ligands voltage-gated channels ligand-gated channels with intracellular ligands all of the above
Which of the following statements about voltage gated channels is true? Voltage-gated sodium channels open at a higher (more positive) membrane potential than do potassium-gated channels Voltage-gated sodium channels open at a lower (more negative) membrane potential than do potassium-gated channels Sodium- and postassium-gated channels open at about the same membrane potential, but they have different effects because there are different numbers of the two kinds of channels in neuron cell membranes
Which of the following statements regarding the equilibrium potential (Eion) of an ion is correct? The equilibrium potential for potassium is less negative than the resting membrane potential. The electrical force that acts upon potassium attracts potassium to the interstitium. The chemical force that acts upon sodium drives sodium out of the cell. At an ion’s equilibrium potential, the electrochemical force is zero.
You attempt to generate an IV plot for GABA channels in cultured neurons. You apply pentobarbital and perform voltage steps but see no current at any voltage. Which of the following would explain your findings? Concentration of pentobarbital is too low GABA is not present in your solutions Cl- concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane None of the above