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- Voltage-gated Na+ channels open upon leaching what state? resting potential threshold repolaiization overshootSaltatory conduction (a) requires more energy than continuous conduction (b) occurs in unmyelinated neurons (c) occurs when the action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next (d) slows transmission of an impulse (e) depends on the action of GABAConformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)
- Sensory fibers, or pathways, are referred to as afferent. Motor fibers, or pathways, are referred to as efferent. What can you infer about the meaning of these two terms (afferent and efferent) in a structural or anatomical context?IPSP could result from :-a- opening of K + channelsb- opening of ligand-gated cation channelsc- closure of Cl- channelsd- closure of potential-gated Ca ++ channelsBoth rhodopsin in vision and the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in cardiac muscle are coupled to ion channels via G proteins. Describe the similarities and differences between these two systems.
- A ________ potentail is a local, graded depolarization in a receptor cell triggered by the threshold stmulus opening the ion channels generator graded action positiveThe giant axon of the squid (Figure Q11–3) occu-pies a unique position in the history of our understandingof cell membrane potentials and nerve action. When anelectrode is stuck into an intact giant axon, the membranepotential registers –70 mV. When the axon, suspended in abath of seawater, is stimulated to conduct a nerve impulse,the membrane potential changes transiently from –70 mVto +40 mV.Action potentials and graded potentials both…A) Propagate long distances through neural structures, without attenuation in their amplitude.B) Can directly excite or inhibit neurons.C) Can propagate at speeds of up to 120 meters per second.D) Involve voltage-gated Nav and Kv channels.E) Are capable of triggering synaptic exocytosis in neurons of the vertebrate retina
- How long does all the signaling through the sensorypathway, within the central nervous system, and throughthe motor command pathway take?a. 1 to 2 minutesb. 1 to 2 secondsc. fraction of a secondd. varies with graded potentialAn on center bipolar cell ________ when light is on the center of its receptive feild, because it is _______ glutamate Select one: a. depolarizes; inhibited by b. hyperpolarizes; activated by c. depolarizes; activated by d. hyperpolarizes; inhibited by e. maintains its resting membrane potential; excited byPlease ASAP. thanku The response of ligand gated ion channels is transient because ___ (can choose more than one option) a. ligand unbinds and is claered from teh synapse quickly b. the channels desensitize c. the cahnnels inactivate d. amino terminus is truncated