The gene AVPR1A influences pair bonding in humans, and its homolog influences pair bonding in voles. If you identify an allele that is associated with reduced pair bonding in humans, you can conclude If your partner has this allele, they are likely to cheat on you All people that carry this allele have reduced pair bonding with their partners 666 Individuals that carry this allele are more likely to have reduced pair bonding All of the above

The gene AVPR1A influences pair bonding in humans, and its homolog influences pair bonding in voles. If you identify an allele that is associated with reduced pair bonding in humans, you can conclude If your partner has this allele, they are likely to cheat on you All people that carry this allele have reduced pair bonding with their partners 666 Individuals that carry this allele are more likely to have reduced pair bonding All of the above

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Description: The gene AVPR1A influences pair bonding in humans, and its homolog influences pair bonding involes. If you identify an allele that is associated with reduced pair bonding in humans, you canconcludeIf your partner has this allele, they are likely to

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)

15th Edition

ISBN:9781337408332

Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter13: Observing Patterns In Inherited Traits

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5GP

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In the early 1970s, Igor Dawid and Antonie Blacklerconducted classical experiments that first showed directly the maternal inheritance of mtDNA in vertebrates.Their studies used crosses between two closely relatedspecies of frogs, Xenopus laevis and Xenopus borealis,which have mtDNAs that vary in many nucleotides. Thetechniques they used at the time were not sensitiveenough to detect small amounts of paternal DNA. Whattechniques that are highly sensitive to small amounts ofDNA could be used today? How could you use thesetechniques to determine if paternal mitochondrial DNAwas present in the progeny of the interspecies cross?
The use of nucleotide sequence data to measure genetic variabilityis complicated by the fact that the genes of many eukaryotesare complex in organization and contain 5' and 3' flankingregions as well as introns. Researchers have compared thenucleotide sequence of two cloned alleles of the y-globin gene from asingle individual and found a variation of 1 percent. Those differencesinclude 13 substitutions of one nucleotide for anotherand three short DNA segments that have been inserted in oneallele or deleted in the other. None of the changes takes placein the gene’s exons (coding regions). Why do you think this isso, and should it change our concept of genetic variation?
In a population of wild squirrels, most of them have gray fur, butan occasional squirrel is completely white. If we let P and p represent dominant and recessive alleles, respectively, of a genethat encodes an enzyme necessary for pigment formation,which of the following statements do you think is most likely tobe correct?a. The white squirrels are pp, and the p allele is a loss-offunction allele.b. The gray squirrels are pp, and the p allele is a loss-offunction allele.c. The white squirrels are PP, and the P allele is a loss-offunction allele.d. The gray squirrels are PP, and the P allele is a loss-offunction allel
A human gene called the β-globin gene encodes a polypeptidethat functions as a subunit of the protein known as hemoglobin.Hemoglobin is found within red blood cells; it carries oxygen. Inhuman populations, the β-globin gene can be found as the common allele called the HbAallele, and it can also be found as theHbSallele. Individuals who have two copies of the HbSallele havethe disease called sickle cell disease. Are the following examplesdescriptions of genetics at the molecular, cellular, organism, orpopulation level?A. The HbSallele encodes a polypeptide that functions slightlydifferently from the polypeptide encoded by the HbAallele.B. If an individual has two copies of the HbSallele, that person’sred blood cells take on a sickle shape.C. Individuals who have two copies of the HbAallele do nothave sickle cell disease, but they are not resistant to malaria.People who have one HbAallele and one HbSallele do not havesickle cell disease, and they are resistant to malaria. People whohave…
. Figure 18-14 presents haplotype data for the G6PD genein a worldwide sample of people.a. Draw a haplotype network for these haplotypes.Label the branches on which each SNP occurs.b. Which of the haplotypes has the most connectionsto other haplotypes?c. On what continents is this haplotype found?d. Counting the number of SNPs along the branchesof your network, how many differences are therebetween haplotypes 1 and 12?
In March 2013, the American Journal of HumanGenetics published a report that an AfricanAmerican man who submitted his genome forcommercial genealogical analysis had a Y chromosome whose sequence was very different from thatof other Y chromosomes that had been characterized previously. The investigators then found thatcertain males among the Mbo (an ethnic group inCameroon) shared many of the polymorphisms firstfound in this African-American man. How do youthink these findings would have altered estimates ofwhen a man carrying the MRCA for the human Ychromosome would have lived on the earth?
You picked up two mice (one female and one male)that had escaped from experimental cages in the animalfacility. One mouse is yellow in color, and the other isbrown agouti. (Agouti hairs have bands of yellow,while non-agouti hairs are solid-colored.) You knowthat this mouse colony has animals with different alleles at only three coat color genes: the agouti (A) ornon-agouti (a) or yellow (AY) alleles of the A gene(AY> A > a; AYis a recessive lethal), the black (B) orbrown (b) alleles of the B gene (B > b), and the albino(c) or non-albino (C) alleles of the C gene (C > c; cc isepistatic to all other phenotypes). However, you don’tknow which alleles of these genes are actually presentin each of the animals that you’ve captured. To determine the genotypes, you breed the two escaped mice together. The first litter has only three pups. One is albino,one is brown (non-agouti), and the third is black agouti.a. What alleles of the A, B, and C genes are present inthe two mice you…
Certainly, not all Muppets look like the one shown in the picture below, nor do they all look the same. In fact, there’s a great deal of phenotypic variation in Muppets. Two traits that have been particularly well-studied are curly hair presences and skin color. One individual is a male, and he possesses a green skin and no hair, whereas the female individual possess a curly hair and pink skin. Let’s call the gene controlling skin coloration S and that controlling hair H. In this species, both hair and green skin are recessive traits. Both of the individuals shown are homozygous. 1. What is the genotypes of Miss Piggy: 2. Kermit's Genotype: 3. If these two lovebirds (er, love-muppets?) mated, what would their offspring look like? Describe all phenotype combinations possible and the ratios in which they would occur?
.Certain forms of human color blindness are inherited as X-linkedrecessive traits. Hemizygous males are color-blind, but heterozygous females are not. However, heterozygous females sometimeshave partial color blindness.A. Discuss why heterozygous females may have partial color blindness.B. Doctors identified an unusual case in which a heterozygousfemale was color-blind in her right eye but had normal colorvision in her left eye. Explain how this might have occurred.
The XG locus on the human X chromosome has twoalleles, XG+ and XG. The XG+ allele causes the presence of the Xg surface antigen on red blood cells,while the recessive XG allele does not allow antigento appear. The XG locus is 10 m.u. from the STSlocus. The STS+ allele produces normal activity ofthe enzyme steroid sulfatase, while the recessive STSallele results in the lack of steroid sulfatase activityand the disease ichthyosis (scaly skin). A man withichthyosis and no Xg antigen has a normal daughterwith Xg antigen. This daughter is expecting a child.a. If the child is a son, what is the probability he willlack Xg antigen and have ichthyosis?b. What is the probability that a son would have boththe antigen and ichthyosis?c. If the child is a son with ichthyosis, what is theprobability he will have Xg antigen?
In mice, the A allele causes agouti fur, the AY allele causes yellow fur and is dominant to the A allele. The homozygous AY AY genotype is lethal. Why is the AYAY homozygous condition lethal? The AY allele highly transcribes the merc gene which is lethal in a homozygous AYAY individual. None of the other answers are correct. The AY allele lacks an upstream merc gene which is required for normal embryonic development. The AY allele contains a null mutation in the A gene, which is required for normal embryonic development. The yellow pigment produced by A allele is required for survival.
. The production of pigment in the outer layer of seedsof corn requires each of the three independently assorting genes A, C, and R to be represented by at leastone dominant allele, as specified in Problem 64. Thedominant allele Pr of a fourth independently assortinggene is required to convert the biochemical precursorinto a purple pigment, and its recessive allele pr makesthe pigment red. Plants that do not produce pigmenthave yellow seeds. Consider a cross of a strain of genotype A/A ; C/C ; R/R ; pr/pr with a strain of genotypea/a ; c/c ; r/r ; Pr/Pr.a. What are the phenotypes of the parents?b. What will be the phenotype of the F1?c. What phenotypes, and in what proportions, willappear in the progeny of a selfed F1?d. What progeny proportions do you predict from thetestcross of an F1?