The glutaridoxins are a class of small antioxidant enzymes that use GSH as a reducing agent. They have functions similar to those of the thioredoxins. Describe the pathway whereby an organic peroxide is reduced by a glutaridoxin. Include the redox cycle of GSH in your answer.

Q: The enzyme lactic dehydrogenase converts lactic acid to pyruvate with the aid of the coenzyme NAD*.…

A: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a tetrapeptide that is made up of two types sub-units H (heart) and M…

Q: Give one enzyme involved in any of the two oxidative decarboxylation step of the tricarboxylic acid…

A: TCA cycle: This is a chain of chemical reactions to release energy by oxidizing acetyl-CoA generated…

Q: a) Write out the reaction that converts succinate to fumarate with FAD using curved arrow symbolism.…

A: The Krebs cycle is the important metabolic pathway, which results in the formation of oxalo (OAA)…

Q: Cyanide toxicity results from its ability to inhibit cytochrome oxidase c, part of the ETC of cell…

A: Introduction: Electron transport chain or system is the series of electron carriers, enzyme and…

Q: In the glyoxylate cycle, isocitrate is converted directly to what substance? a.fumarate…

A: The glyoxylate cycle takes place is bacteria, fungi , plants and protista. It can be described as…

Q: Name three enzymes from the citric acid cycle which are allosterically regulated by ATP and/or NADH.…

A: The citric acid cycle is also known as the TCA cycle is a series of chemical reactions used by all…

Q: Helicobacter pylori, which causes gastric ulcers, does not operate a citric acid cycle but contains…

A: Helicobacter pylori is the bacteria which causes gastric ulcers. In H.Pylori, conventional citric…

Q: Explain why the degradation of odd-chain fatty acids can boost the activity of the citric acid…

A: Metabolic pathways in the body are present in a very complex network. All the different pathways are…

Q: Select the INCORRECT statement about Glutamate dehydrogenase : a. Catalyzes the removal of NH4+…

A: Enzymes are involved in increasing the rate of a biological reaction by lowering the activation…

Q: Do coenzymes exist for these enzymes if so what could they be? a. pyruvate kinase…

A: Nonprotein components that facilitate the functioning of an enzyme are referred to as coenzymes.…

Q: Explain how the position in the active site and function of the oxyanion hole of chymotrypsin…

A: Enzymes are highly specialized proteins that have extraordinary catalytic power, greater than that…

Q: Select the correct answer : Which of the following statements best describes the chemiosmotic…

A: The chemiosmotic theory by Peter Mitchell states that the proton-motive force is needed for ATP…

Q: Certain tissues, such as the heart muscle, can use lactate as an energy substrate. How much ATP is…

A: Lactate generated by RBC is used by heart, it is oxidized to carbon di oxide and water, following…

Q: In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the _____________.

A: A citric acid cycle is a metabolic pathway, which helps to form the oxaloacetate from the acetyl CoA…

Q: Discuss why a saturated fatty acid like coconut oil has a good anti-oxidant property

A: Coconut oil has a good antioxidant property. It is a saturated fatty acid.

Q: One of the enzymes in glycolysis is aldolase, which requires Zn" for catalysis. Under conditions of…

A: Enzymes are bio-catalyst. They increase the speed of reaction by lowering its activation energy.…

Q: Among the choices, I. alpha-ketoglutarate II. Glutamine III. NADPH IV. H+ which among here is the…

A: Citric acid cycle is also called as Krebs cycle.

Q: What role does superoxide dismutase play in ameliorating the effects of reactive oxygen species?…

A: Superoxide dismutase: This is a very important Enzyme that protects the living cells from the…

Q: Complete the following sentence by selecting the correct cofactor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase…

A: Introduction:- PDH connects the citric acid cycle and subsequent oxidative phosphorylation to the…

Q: Enzymes occasionally display weak "side" activities. Draw the structure of the product (other than…

A: Pyruvate is formed in the last step of glycolysis with release of one ATP per molecule, catalyzed by…

Q: A  drug inhibits the activity of the enzymatic inorganic pyrophosphatase. What effect would the drug…

A: DNA synthesis is the process whereby deoxynucleic acids (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine)…

Q: a- Krebs cycle is the subsequent pathway of glycolysis. Although, pyruvate is the last product of…

A: Introduction: Glycolysis is the oxidative breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. In…

Q: The first enzyme in the Krebs cycle is the A.citrate synthase B.pyruvate dehydrogenase C. α-…

A: Kreb's cycle is also called as citric acid cycle or TCA (Tricarboxylic acid cycle). It is a common…

Q: .Is the reaction of 2- phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate a redox reaction? Give the reason for…

A: Enolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate into…

Q: Demerol (meperidine) is a drug used to relieve moderate to severe pain through inhibition of the…

A: Eukaryotic organisms have membrane bound organelles in the cell. Mitochondria acts as a…

Q: An intermediate of the citric acid cycle that undergoes reductive amination with glutamine as…

A: Citric acid cycle is the second stage of cellular respiration that occurs in mitochondrial matrix…

Q: pick the right answer in each parentheses? NADH and NADPH provide important reducing and bond…

A: NADPH plays a significant role in various metabolic processes. It is involved in the synthesis of…

Q: What are the inhibitors of complex 1,2,3,4, and 5 of electron transport chain? Write their name

A: Electron transport chain is also known as chemi osmotic pathway. In electron transport chain,…

Q: Another antidote for methanol poisoning is fomepizole, which is an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ADH)…

A: Methanol toxicity or methanol poisoning results due to ingestion or exposure of methanol leading to…

Q: Which is more favorable energetically, the oxidation of succinate to fumarate by NAD1 or by FAD?…

A: Oxidation is the addition of an electronegative element or the removal of an electropositive element…

Q: CHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER How does the acetyl-CoA product of a cycle of B-oxidation lead to the…

A:

Q: FAD is reduced in which of the following reactions/transformations in the Krebs cycle? a. Succiny|…

A: The tricarboxylic acid process is the primary energy source for cells and an essential component of…

Q: What is the reduction potential (DE) for the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase if the…

A: Enzymes that catalyze redox reactions in the living systems are usually categorized under the enzyme…

Q: Identify whether the statement is correct or incorrect. In krebs cycle, the enzyme called aconitase…

A: The TCA cycle process occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. The TCA cycle converts the acetyl Co-A…

Q: The _____________ are a class of enzymes that catalyze the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of hexose…

A: Enzymes are the protein complex, which is known to catalyze a chemical reaction by binding the…

Q: NADH is a NEGATIVE regulator of citrate synthase. What is the function of citrate synthase? Enter…

A: The citric acid cycle is a sequential enzymatic biochemical reaction that all aerobic species use to…

Q: Malonate competes with succinate in the succinate dehydrogenase reaction. Explain why increasing the…

A: Enzymatic inhibitors decrease enzyme activity. Where the enzyme inhibition is of 3 types…

Q: The enzyme malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate in the final step…

A: The malate dehydrogenase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate in the TCA cycle.…

Q: You are testing the effects of different molecules on respiration using isolated liver cells that…

A: Electrons are transferred from NADH/FADH2 to molecular oxygen (O2) through a series of electron…

Q: An example for NADP+ dependent dehydrogenase is Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Succinate…

A: Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs) are a group of enzymes that catalyse the first step in each fatty…

Q: The conversion of succinate to fumarate is catalysed by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase and…

A: Malonate (also called Malonic acid or H2MALO) is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase…

Q: . In deciding which form of isocitrate dehydrogenase plays the more important role in the citric…

A: The citric acid cycle is also known as TCA cycle. It is a series of chemical reactions used by all…

Q: What is the reduction potential (DE) for the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase if the…

A: 0.152 is the reduction potential for the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase if the…

Q: Cyanide toxicity results from its ability to inhibit cytochrome oxidase c, part of the ETC of cell…

A: PKF stands for Phosphofructokinase and is an enzyme which is crucial in glycolysis . It helps by…

Q: Please provide TWO reasons why the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate kinase favors the formation of ATP…

A: Introduction Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), followed by…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.