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- During construction of a highway bridge, the main girders are cantilevered outward from one pier toward the next (see figure). Each girder has a cantilever length of 48 m and an I-shaped cross section with dimensions shown in the figure. The load on each girder (during construction) is assumed to be 9,5 kN/m, which includes the weight of the girder. Determine the maximum bending stress in a girder due to this load.A temporary wood flume serving as a channel for irrigation water is shown in the figure. The vertical boards forming the sides of the flume are sunk in the ground, which provides a fixed support. The top of the flume is held by tic rods that are tightened so that there is no deflection of the boards at that point. Thus, the vertical boards may be modeled as a beam AB, supported and loaded as shown in the last part of the figure. Assuming that the thickness t of the boards is 1,5 in., the depth d of the water is 40 in., and the height h to the tie rods is 50 in., what is the maximum bending stress in the boards? Hint: The numerically largest bending moment occurs at the fixed support.A simply supported wooden I-beam with a 12-ft span supports a distributed load of intensity q = 90 lb/ft over its length (see figure part a). The beam is constructed with a web of Douglas-fir plywood and flanges of pine glued to the web, as shown in the figure part b. The plywood is 3/8 in. thick: the flanges are 2 in, × 2 in, (actual size). The modulus of elasticity for the plywood is 1,600,000 psi and for the pine is 1,200,000 psL Calculate the maximum bending stresses in the pine flanges and in the plywood web. What is q, if allowable stresses are 1600 psi in the flanges and 1200 psi in the web?
- A propped cantilever beam, fixed at the left-hand end A and simply supported at the right-hand end B, is subjected to a temperature differentia] with temperature T1on its upper surface and T2on its lower surface (see figure).-10 The simple beam AB shown in the figure supports two equal concentrated loads P: one acting downward and the other upward. Determine the angle of rotation A at the left-hand end, the deflection 1under the downward load, and the deflection 2 at the midpoint of the beam.A hollow box beam is constructed with webs of Douglas-fir plywood and flanges of pine, as shown in the figure in a cross-sectional view. The plywood is 1 in. thick and 12 in. wide; the flanges are 2 in. × 4 in. (nominal size). The modulus of elasticity for the plywood is 1,800,000 psi and for the pine is 1,400,000 psi. If the allowable stresses are 2000 psi for the plywood and 1750 psi for the pine, find the allowable bending moment Mmaxwhen the beam is bent about the z axis. Repeat part (a) if the beam is now bent about its y-axis.
- A beam supporting a uniform load of intensity q throughout its length rests on pistons at points A, C and B (sec figure). The cylinders are filled with oil and are connected by a tube so that the oil pressure on each piston is the same. The pistons at A and B have diameter d1and the piston at C has diameter D2. (a) Determine the ratio of d2to d1so that the largest bending moment in the beam is as small as possible. Under these optimum conditions, what is the largest bending moment Mmaxin the beam? What is the difference in elevation between point C and the end supports?A C 200 x 17.1 channel section has an angle with equal legs attached as shown; the angle serves as a lintel beam. The combined steel section is subjected to a bending moment M having its vector directed along the z axis, as shown in the figure. The cent roi d C of the combined section is located at distances xtand ycfrom the centroid (C1) of the channel alone. Principal axes yl and yvare also shown in the figure and properties Ix1,Iy1and 0pare given. Find the orientation of the neutral axis and calculate the maximum tensile stress exand maximum compressive stress if the angle is an L 76 x 76 x 6.4 section and M = 3.5 kN - m. Use the following properties for principal axes for the combined section:/^, = 18.49 X 106 nrai4,/;| = 1.602 X 106 mm4, ep= 7.448*(CW),_r£ = 10.70 mm,andvf= 24.07 mm.The cross section of a channel beam with double flanges and constant thickness throughout the section is shown in the figure. Derive the following formula for the distance e from the centerline of the web to the shear center S:
- Solve the preceding problem for a wide-flange beam with h = 404 mm, b = 140 mm, bf= 11.2 mm, and rf. = 6.99 mm..10 A built-up bourn supporting a condominium balcony is made up of a structural T (one half of a W 200 x 31.3) for the top flange and web and two angles (2 L 2 / b / 6.4. long legal back-lo-backl lot the bottom flange and web. as shown. The beam is subjected to a bending moment .1/ having its vector at an angle ft lo the z axis (see figure). Determine the or ion ta I ion of the neutral axis and calculate the maximum tensile stress ir, and maximum compressive stress tr. in ".he beam. .Assume that 9 = 30°andM = 15 kN · m. Use the numerical properties: c =4.111mm, c2 =4.169 mm, of = 134 mm, I, = 76 mm, A = 4144 mm 3 =3.88 X 106 mm 4, and = 34.18 X 10 mm 4.-14 A simply supported composite beam with a 3.6 m span supports a triangularly distributed load of peak intensity q0at mid-span (see figure part a). The beam is constructed of two wood joists, each 50 mm x 280 mm, fastened to two steel plates, one of dimensions 6 mm × 80 mm and the lower plate of dimensions 6 mm x 120mm (see figure part b). The modulus of elasticity for the wood is 11 GPa and for the steel is 210 GPa. If the allowable stresses are 7 MPa for the wood and 120 MPa for the steel, find the allowable peak load intensity q0maxwhen the beam is bent about the z axis. Neglect the weight of the beam.