Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 41, Problem 4TYU
Saltatory conduction (a) requires more energy than continuous conduction (b) occurs in unmyelinated neurons (c) occurs when the action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next (d) slows transmission of an impulse (e) depends on the action of GABA
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Neural pathway transmit impulses which terminate at what? a) motor cortex, b) somatosensory cortex, c) mechanoreceptors, d) thalamus, e) brainstem, f) skeletal muscle, g) cerebellum?
Let’s examine a neural pathway that involved three (3) neurons in sequence: one propagates an action potential from threshold stimulus of receptor to spinal cord; second propagates action potential superiorly to brain stem; and third propagates action potential from brain stem to part of cerebral cortex involved in perceiving the stimulus. Which of the following is correct classification of these neurons:
a. all three are presynaptic
b. first is presynaptic, other two are postsynaptic
c. first and second are presynaptic, third is postsynaptic
d. first and second are presynaptic, second and third are postsynaptic
e. all three are postsynaptic
Suppose axon A enters a ganglion (cluster of neurons) and axon B leaves on the other side. Shortly after an experimenter stimulates A, an impulse travels down B. We want to know whether B is just an extension of axon A or whether A formed an excitatory synapse on some neuron in the ganglion, whose axon is axon B. How could an experimenter determine the answer? Try to think of more than one good method. Presume that the anatomy within the ganglion is so complex that you cannot simply observe the course of an axon through it.
Chapter 41 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 41.1 - Describe the processes involved in neural...Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.2 - Draw and label a typical neuron and give the...Ch. 41.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 41.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 41.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 41.3 - Prob. 5LO
Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 6LOCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 41.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 41.4 - Prob. 7LOCh. 41.4 - Prob. 8LOCh. 41.4 - Prob. 9LOCh. 41.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.4 - How are EPSPs produced? IPSPs?Ch. 41.5 - Prob. 10LOCh. 41.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 41.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 41.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 41.6 - Prob. 11LOCh. 41.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 41 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1....Ch. 41 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 41 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3....Ch. 41 - Saltatory conduction (a) requires more energy than...Ch. 41 - Receptors for serotonin and many other...Ch. 41 - A presynaptic neuron in the cerebrum transmits...Ch. 41 - VISUALIZE Describe the action taking place at each...Ch. 41 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Since all APs generated by a given nerve fiber have the same magnitude, how does the CNS “know” whether a stimulus is strong or weak?arrow_forwardWhat effect would you expect an antagonist that targets the voltage sensing domain of perisynaptic calcium channels of an inhibitory interneuron have on the firing frequency of a finically active neuron that interneuron synapses onto? Explain in detailsarrow_forwardDuring the refractory period a) if a neuron reaches threshold the action potential goes to completion b) No stimulus of any strength will trigger a new action potential c) It is possible to trigger a new action potential but only with an unusually strong stimulus d) The signal grows weaker with distance e) The neuron fires at its maximum voltage if a stimulus depolarizes the neuron to thresholdarrow_forward
- Which of the following is true regarding the difference between graded and action potentials? a.) Action potential occur only when the surface of the neuron is myelinated, but graded potentials occur in both in both myelinated and non-myelinated neurons. b.) The magnitude of action potential depends on the magnitude of the stimulus, whereas graded potentials are all or none. c.) The magnitude of graded potential depends on the magnitude of the stimulus, whereas action potentials are all or none.arrow_forwardCompared to sparrows, neurons in larger dinosaurs would probably have ______________ myelin and be ____________ than sparrow neurons. A) less, wider B) less, narrower C) more, wider D) more, narrowerarrow_forwardBased on the graph, how soon could another action potential be easily initiated (at the end of the relative refractory period) after the first stimulus? (Base your answer to this question on the graph below depicting an action potential.) less than 0.5 msec 1 msec 2 msec 3 msec 4 msecarrow_forward
- Compare impulse conduction in myelinated andunmyelinated neurons.arrow_forwardDescribe how following a threshold stimulus, a action potential is carried along an unmyelinated axon? How does this differ from an action potential passing through a mylenated axon?arrow_forwardWhat evidence led Sherrington to conclude that transmission at a synapse is different from transmission along an axon? a. Chemicals that alter a synapse are different from those that affect action potentials. b. The velocity of a reflex is slower than the velocity of an action potential. c. Stains and microscopic observations demonstrate a gap at the synapse. d. Reflexes can go in either direction, whereas axons transmit in only one direction.arrow_forward
- Excitatory neurons A and B both synapse with neuron C. Neuron A releasesa neurotransmitter, and neuron B releases the same type and amount ofneurotransmitter plus a neuromodulator that produces EPSPs in neuron C.Action potentials produced in neuron A alone can result in action potentialproduction in neuron C. Action potentials produced in neuron B alone alsocan cause action potential production in neuron C. Which results in moreaction potentials in neuron C, stimulation by only neuron A or stimulationby only neuron B? Explain.arrow_forwardRecruitment of a reflex response is due to :-a- difference in the amount of presynaptic inputs to the various efferent neurons initiating the reflexb- difference in the conduction velocity of the various afferent neurons mediating the reflexc- delay at the neuromuscular junctiond- presence of inhibitory interneurons in the reflex pathwayarrow_forwardThe extracellular sodium [Na+]0 is reduced in the saline bath. Following another current injection in a neuron, the membrane potential changes were recorded. a) Why has the membrane potential changed following the Na+ reduction? b) Why has the current injection produced no action potentials? c) How might you experimentally rescue action potential generation?arrow_forward
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