The management of brewery Ipana oy is planning new strategies to increase profit. An alternative tactic for planned contract sales would be to continue the previous sales model and expand the product range. The purpose would be to launch "Napero IPA" for hipsters to marvel at, the production
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The management of brewery Ipana oy is planning new strategies to increase profit. An alternative tactic for planned contract sales would be to continue the previous sales model and expand the product range.
The purpose would be to launch "Napero IPA" for hipsters to marvel at, the production process of which includes a week's fermentation in a pressurized vessel that mimics the conditions of the seabed. After fermentation, the product is filtered and further matured in a non-pressurized oak vessel to which a handful of juniper berries and a small pinch of sea salt are added.
Starting production would require a €300,000 investment in production equipment. Based on
The average return on capital requirement is 9.7% in Ipana oy at the time of making the investment decision. The stated prices do not include value added tax, corporate tax is 20%. The commitment of
Calculate the minimum price for the new product at which production is profitable. (for the first year)
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- The management of brewery Ipana oy is planning new strategies to increase profit. An alternative tactic for planned contract sales would be to continue the previous sales model and expand the product range. The purpose would be to launch "Napero IPA" for hipsters to marvel at, the production process of which includes a week's fermentation in a pressurized vessel that mimics the conditions of the seabed. After fermentation, the product is filtered and further matured in a non-pressurized oak vessel to which a handful of juniper berries and a small pinch of sea salt are added. Starting production would require a €300,000 investment in production equipment. Based on market research, the management of Ipana oy expects the sales volume to be 288,400 liters in the first year, after which the demand is expected to grow at an annual rate of 5.2%. The average selling price is expected to be significantly higher than Ipana IPA, i.e. around €3.77/liter. However, the production process requires…The management of brewery Ipana oy is planning new strategies to increase profit. An alternative tactic for planned contract sales would be to continue the previous sales model and expand the product range. The purpose would be to launch "Napero IPA" for hipsters to marvel at, the production process of which includes a week's fermentation in a pressurized vessel that mimics the conditions of the seabed. After fermentation, the product is filtered and further matured in a non-pressurized oak vessel to which a handful of juniper berries and a small pinch of sea salt are added. Starting production would require a €300,000 investment in production equipment. Based on market research, the management of Ipana oy expects the sales volume to be 288,400 liters in the first year, after which the demand is expected to grow at an annual rate of 5.2%. The average selling price is expected to be significantly higher than Ipana IPA, i.e. around €3.77/liter. However, the production process requires…The management of brewery Ipana oy is planning new strategies to increase profit. An alternative tactic for planned contract sales would be to continue the previous sales model and expand the product range. The purpose would be to launch "Napero IPA" for hipsters to marvel at, the production process of which includes a week's fermentation in a pressurized vessel that mimics the conditions of the seabed. After fermentation, the product is filtered and further matured in a non-pressurized oak vessel to which a handful of juniper berries and a small pinch of sea salt are added. Starting production would require a €300,000 investment in production equipment. Based on market research, the management of Ipana oy expects the sales volume to be 288,400 liters in the first year, after which the demand is expected to grow at an annual rate of 5.2%. The average selling price is expected to be significantly higher than Ipana IPA, i.e. around €3.77/liter. However, the production process requires…
- Bigdeal Corporation manufactures paper and paper products and istrying to decide whether to purchase Smalltek Company. Smalltek has developed a process for manufacturing boxes that can replace containers that use fluorocarbons for expelling a liquid product. The price may be as high as $45 million. Bigdeal prefers to buy Smalltek and integrate its products while leaving the Smalltek management in charge of day-to-dayoperations. A major consideration is the efficiency and effectiveness of Smalltek’s operations. Bigdeal wants to obtain a report on the operational efficiency and effectiveness of the Smalltek sales, production, and research and development departments.Required:Who can Bigdeal engage to produce the report resulting from this operational audit? Several possibilities exist. Are there any particular advantages or disadvantages in choosing from among them?Silven Industries, which manufactures and sells a highly successful line of summerlotions and insect repellents, has decided to diversify in order to stabilize salesthroughout the year. A natural area for the company to consider is the production ofwinter lotions and creams to prevent dry and chapped skin.After considerable research, a winter products line has been developed. However,Silven’s president has decided to introduce only one of the new products for this comingwinter. If the product is a success, further expansion in future years will be initiated.The product selected (called Chap-Off) is a lip balm that will be sold in a lipstick-typetube. The product will be sold to wholesalers in boxes of 24 tubes for $14 per box.Because of excess capacity, no additional fixed manufacturing overhead costs will beincurred to produce the product. However, a $130,000 charge for fixed manufacturingoverhead will be absorbed by the product under the company’s absorption costingsystem.Using the…Mallette Manufacturing, Inc., produces washing machines, dryers, and dishwashers. Because of increasing competition, Mallette is considering investing in an automated manufacturing system. Since competition is most keen for dishwashers, the production process for this line has been selected for initial evaluation. The automated system for the dishwasher line would replace an existing system (purchased one year ago for 6 million). Although the existing system will be fully depreciated in nine years, it is expected to last another 10 years. The automated system would also have a useful life of 10 years. The existing system is capable of producing 100,000 dishwashers per year. Sales and production data using the existing system are provided by the Accounting Department: All cash expenses with the exception of depreciation, which is 6 per unit. The existing equipment is being depreciated using straight-line with no salvage value considered. The automated system will cost 34 million to purchase, plus an estimated 20 million in software and implementation. (Assume that all investment outlays occur at the beginning of the first year.) If the automated equipment is purchased, the old equipment can be sold for 3 million. The automated system will require fewer parts for production and will produce with less waste. Because of this, the direct material cost per unit will be reduced by 25 percent. Automation will also require fewer support activities, and as a consequence, volume-related overhead will be reduced by 4 per unit and direct fixed overhead (other than depreciation) by 17 per unit. Direct labor is reduced by 60 percent. Assume, for simplicity, that the new investment will be depreciated on a pure straight-line basis for tax purposes with no salvage value. Ignore the half-life convention. The firms cost of capital is 12 percent, but management chooses to use 20 percent as the required rate of return for evaluation of investments. The combined federal and state tax rate is 40 percent. Required: 1. Compute the net present value for the old system and the automated system. Which system would the company choose? 2. Repeat the net present value analysis of Requirement 1, using 12 percent as the discount rate. 3. Upon seeing the projected sales for the old system, the marketing manager commented: Sales of 100,000 units per year cannot be maintained in the current competitive environment for more than one year unless we buy the automated system. The automated system will allow us to compete on the basis of quality and lead time. If we keep the old system, our sales will drop by 10,000 units per year. Repeat the net present value analysis, using this new information and a 12 percent discount rate. 4. An industrial engineer for Mallette noticed that salvage value for the automated equipment had not been included in the analysis. He estimated that the equipment could be sold for 4 million at the end of 10 years. He also estimated that the equipment of the old system would have no salvage value at the end of 10 years. Repeat the net present value analysis using this information, the information in Requirement 3, and a 12 percent discount rate. 5. Given the outcomes of the previous four requirements, comment on the importance of providing accurate inputs for assessing investments in automated manufacturing systems.
- Nico Parts, Inc., produces electronic products with short life cycles (of less than two years). Development has to be rapid, and the profitability of the products is tied strongly to the ability to find designs that will keep production and logistics costs low. Recently, management has also decided that post-purchase costs are important in design decisions. Last month, a proposal for a new product was presented to management. The total market was projected at 200,000 units (for the two-year period). The proposed selling price was 130 per unit. At this price, market share was expected to be 25 percent. The manufacturing and logistics costs were estimated to be 120 per unit. Upon reviewing the projected figures, Brian Metcalf, president of Nico, called in his chief design engineer, Mark Williams, and his marketing manager, Cathy McCourt. The following conversation was recorded: BRIAN: Mark, as you know, we agreed that a profit of 15 per unit is needed for this new product. Also, as I look at the projected market share, 25 percent isnt acceptable. Total profits need to be increased. Cathy, what suggestions do you have? CATHY: Simple. Decrease the selling price to 125 and we expand our market share to 35 percent. To increase total profits, however, we need some cost reductions as well. BRIAN: Youre right. However, keep in mind that I do not want to earn a profit that is less than 15 per unit. MARK: Does that 15 per unit factor in preproduction costs? You know we have already spent 100,000 on developing this product. To lower costs will require more expenditure on development. BRIAN: Good point. No, the projected cost of 120 does not include the 100,000 we have already spent. I do want a design that will provide a 15-per-unit profit, including consideration of preproduction costs. CATHY: I might mention that post-purchase costs are important as well. The current design will impose about 10 per unit for using, maintaining, and disposing our product. Thats about the same as our competitors. If we can reduce that cost to about 5 per unit by designing a better product, we could probably capture about 50 percent of the market. I have just completed a marketing survey at Marks request and have found out that the current design has two features not valued by potential customers. These two features have a projected cost of 6 per unit. However, the price consumers are willing to pay for the product is the same with or without the features. Required: 1. Calculate the target cost associated with the initial 25 percent market share. Does the initial design meet this target? Now calculate the total life-cycle profit that the current (initial) design offers (including preproduction costs). 2. Assume that the two features that are apparently not valued by consumers will be eliminated. Also assume that the selling price is lowered to 125. a. Calculate the target cost for the 125 price and 35 percent market share. b. How much more cost reduction is needed? c. What are the total life-cycle profits now projected for the new product? d. Describe the three general approaches that Nico can take to reduce the projected cost to this new target. Of the three approaches, which is likely to produce the most reduction? 3. Suppose that the Engineering Department has two new designs: Design A and Design B. Both designs eliminate the two nonvalued features. Both designs also reduce production and logistics costs by an additional 8 per unit. Design A, however, leaves post-purchase costs at 10 per unit, while Design B reduces post-purchase costs to 4 per unit. Developing and testing Design A costs an additional 150,000, while Design B costs an additional 300,000. Assuming a price of 125, calculate the total life-cycle profits under each design. Which would you choose? Explain. What if the design you chose cost an additional 500,000 instead of 150,000 or 300,000? Would this have changed your decision? 4. Refer to Requirement 3. For every extra dollar spent on preproduction activities, how much benefit was generated? What does this say about the importance of knowing the linkages between preproduction activities and later activities?Now let us look at Ipana Oy's operating systems from another perspective. Ipana Oy has found some potential long-time partners in the restaurant business. To optimize the supply chain, the company is negotiating for contracts that would allow all production in the coming years to be sold to these partners. The contracts aim to shift production to 20 liter barrels of beer, which would become the sole product of Ipana Oy. In case the negotiations are successful, Ipana Oy estimates its typical year would look as follows: the quantity shipped to the customer is 18000 units at a price of 300 €/unit. The gross profit percentage is 40 % and the yearly fixed costs are 1500000 €. Additional information: The variable cost per unit [€/unit] for products that would be produced in the scenario above: 180 €/unit The critical sales price in the estimate: 264 €/product The EBITDA (earnings before interests, taxes, depreciations and amortizations) of a typical year : 660000 € Question: Calculate the…Ipana Oy is a brewing company that was founded in 2011 and focuses on specialty beers. The company sells beer mainly to restaurants and wholesalers, and is currently focusing on increasing direct sales to customers.In addition, the company rents a small office space at a fairly moderate price (€3,200/month). The company produces the successful "Ipana IPA" beer, the selling price of which varies depending on the sales channel. The company prefers domestic raw materials, but most of the hops come from international suppliers. Raw material costs have remained at the same level in recent years, around €0.81/l. Although demand has grown over the years as a result of successful sales and marketing, the company's management is concerned that the company's turnover is dependent on a single product.Let's examine the financial period 1 January 2020-31 December 2020. At the beginning of the accounting period, Ipana oy has 200,000 liters of raw material in stock. It can be assumed that 1 liter of…
- The Monroe Forging Company sells a corrugated steel product to the Standard Manufacturing Company and is in competition on such sales with other suppliers of the Standard Manufacturing Co. The vice president of sales of Monroe Forging Co. believes that by reducing the price of the product, a 40% increase in the volume of units sold to the Standard Manufacturing Co. could be secured. As the manager of the cost and analysis department, you have been asked to analyze the proposal of the vice president and submit your recommendations as to whether it is financially beneficial to the Monroe Forging Co. You are specifically requested to determine the following: (a) Net profit or loss based on the pricing proposal. (b) Unit sales volume under the proposed price that is required to make the same $40,000 profit that is now earned at the current price and unit sales volume. Use the following data in your analysis:Silven Industries, which manufactures and sells a highly successful line of summer lotions and insectrepellents, has decided to diversify in order to stabilize sales throughout the year. A natural area for thecompany to consider is the production of winter lotions and creams to prevent dry and chapped skin.After considerable research, a winter products line has been developed. However, Silven’s presidenthas decided to introduce only one of the new products for this coming winter. If the product is a success,further expansion in future years will be initiated.The product selected (called Chap-Off) is a lip balm that will be sold in a lipstick-type tube. Theproduct will be sold to wholesalers in boxes of 24 tubes for $8 per box. Because of excess capacity, noadditional fixed manufacturing overhead costs will be incurred to produce the product. However, a $90,000charge for fixed manufacturing overhead will be absorbed by the product under the company’s absorptioncosting system.Using the…Silven Industries, which manufactures and sells a highly successful line of summer lotions and insectrepellents, has decided to diversify in order to stabilize sales throughout the year. A natural area for thecompany to consider is the production of winter lotions and creams to prevent dry and chapped skin.After considerable research, a winter products line has been developed. However, Silven’s presidenthas decided to introduce only one of the new products for this coming winter. If the product is a success,further expansion in future years will be initiated.The product selected (called Chap-Off) is a lip balm that will be sold in a lipstick-type tube. Theproduct will be sold to wholesalers in boxes of 24 tubes for $8 per box. Because of excess capacity, noadditional fixed manufacturing overhead costs will be incurred to produce the product. However, a $90,000charge for fixed manufacturing overhead will be absorbed by the product under the company’s absorptioncosting system.Using the…