The most prominent mutation of ERBB2 in breast cancer is L755S. What kind of mutation is this? Is this a driver or passenger mutation? How to do you know?
Q: Can nonsense mutations be reversed by hydroxylamine? Why or why not?
A: Mutations are the events that results in change in the DNA sequence. Mutations can be a result of…
Q: Consider the Rho-dependent terminator sequence 5’CCCAGCCCGCCUAAUGAGCGGCCUUUUUUUU-3’. What affect…
A: The mutation is the change in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA. The point mutation is the mutation…
Q: What is meant by the term transcription factor modulation? List three general ways this can occur.
A: Transcription is the first step in central dogma of protein synthesis process. The conserved part in…
Q: Another class of suppressor mutations, not describedin the chapter, are mutations that suppress…
A: A missense mutation is a type of mutation in which the error occurs in a single base. It is also…
Q: How does the effect of nonsense mutation differ from that of a frameshift mutation? Why?
A: Mutations are changes that occurs in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence, either due to…
Q: How would a mutation which prevented Gal3 from binding to Gal80 affect gene expression from the GAL…
A: Galactose metabolizing genes express themselves in the presence of galactose. Galactose is…
Q: How did the back mutation in hisG affect the protein produced by this gene?
A: Back mutation or backward mutation is a kind of mutation which leads to reversion of the mutated…
Q: what are disease-causing mutations? Explain with suitable exaamples
A: Mutations are the alterations or the changes that occur in the DNA. Mutagens are the agents that are…
Q: What would happen to the regulation of the tryptophan operon in bacterial cells that express a…
A: In E. coli, all the 20 amino acids can be synthesized in vivo by the organism. The genes for the…
Q: In general, explain how epigenetic modifications are an important mechanism for developmental…
A: Epigenetic modifications, in general, involve reactions or processes that alter chromatin structure…
Q: What does a suppressor mutation suppress? What is the differencebetween an intragenic and an…
A: Mutation, an alteration in the genetic material of a cell of a living organism or of a virus that is…
Q: Some antibiotics, such as rifampin, interfere with the function of RNA polymerase. What biological…
A: Antibiotic is a substance released by any microorganism against other microorganism. These…
Q: A hypothetical gene codes a protein with the following amino acid sequence: Phe – Pro – Thr – Ala –…
A: Deletion: Deletion is a form of mutation in which genetic material is lost. It can be minor, such…
Q: a. How many enhancers were you able to identify with these set of experiments? Explain. b. If you…
A: Enhancers are the term used for the regions of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that elevate the…
Q: ''The chemical carcinogen dimethylbenz[a]anthra-cene (DMBA) must be an extraordinarily specific…
A: Abnormal growth of skin cells when exposed to sunlight causes skin cancer. They are originated from…
Q: How does alternative splicing affect TRNT1? What evidence do you have?
A: TRNT1 is a tRNA-nucleotidyltransferase 1 enzyme coded by gene TRNT1 in human. It helps to provides a…
Q: Geneticists often use ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) to induce mutations in Drosophila. Why is EMS a…
A: Ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) : It is a mutagenic, teratogenic and possibly carcinogenic organic…
Q: Some mutations in the trp 5′ UTR increase termination by the attenuator. Where might these mutations…
A: Tryptophan operon consists of a leader region located at the 5' terminal of mRNA called 5' UTR. The…
Q: How do activators bind enhancers in the first place if the enhancer DNA is covered with nucleosomes?
A: In the nucleus of each cell in higher organisms, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like…
Q: Where metal-inducible transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) is found ?
A: Metal regulatory transcription factor-1 or metal inducible transcription factor-1 plays a role in…
Q: Which form of Retinoblastoma typically results in unilateral disease and exhibits 2-hit mutational…
A: Retinoblastoma is a cancer that affects the eyes. It is specifically a cancer of retinal layer of…
Q: Briefly describe two different ways in which intragenic suppressors can reverse the effects of…
A: The second mutation that partially or wholly reverses the phenotypic or genotypic effects of an…
Q: How could the increase in a protein that inhibits the activity of sigma-32 lead to an increase in…
A: The "molecular chaperone", dnaK, is induced upon heat shock and promotes ATP-dependent refolding or…
Q: . a. What are all the transversions that can be made starting with the codon CGG?b. Which of these…
A: In molecular biology, a point mutation in DNA occurs when a single (two ring) purine (A or G) is…
Q: How would you identify patients whose tumor cells are particularly likely to have a somatic mutation…
A: Somatic mutation takes place in all types of cells in the body except the germ cells. Therefore…
Q: You wish to determine which genes are aberrantly expressed in a certain type of cancer. How would…
A: Cancer is a disease of uncontrolled gene expression. It is a proliferative disease as it can induce…
Q: What happens when a nonsense mutation is introduced into a transposon's gene encoding transposase?
A: A non-sense mutation is a mutation that terminates translation earlier resulting in the formation of…
Q: Methylation of H3K9 by itself silences genes, but if H3K4 and H4K20 are also methylated, the…
A: Histones are the basic proteins that are employed in nucleosome formation during the chromatin…
Q: If you sampled a patient with the autosomal recessive disease Tay Sachs and found she had normal…
A: Tay-Sachs is an autosomal recessive central nervous disorder. The disorder results from…
Q: . Can a missense mutation of proline to histidine bemade with a G • C → A • T transition-causing…
A: A missense mutation is a point mutation that occurs in a codon that codes for a different amino acid…
Q: A bidirectional enhancer has the following sequence: 5′–GTCA–3′ 3′–CAGT–5′ Which of the following…
A: Regulatory elements are the elements that regulate the process of transcription. These are of two…
Q: a. Why is it impossible to induce nonsense mutations(represented at the mRNA level by the triplets…
A: The mutation is a sudden and permanent change in the organism. It can be passed down from generation…
Q: why would a mutation complex 1 usually not result in immediate death ? And while blocking complex IV…
A: Electron transport chain is responsible for the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 which results in the…
Q: Looking at mice mutations, we can see many more agouti mice that have turned albino and much less…
A: Supplementary gene In this ,the dominant allele of one of two gene governing a character produces…
Q: Why would a translocation that put Ras behind the promoter region of the actin gene lead to the…
A: Protooncogenes are activated by mutations that cause structural changes in their encoded proteins.…
Q: How does the tryptophan operan turn back on in gene regulation?
A: Bacteria like Escherichia coli (a benign tenant of our gut) need amino acids to survive since they,…
Q: What is the frequency of loss-of-function mutations in ADE2 when specific (HDR) and non-specific…
A: Each pathway, including the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), resulted in a 50% reduction in…
Q: Geneticists often use the alkylating agent ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS; see Figure 15.6) to induce…
A: EMS a mutagen of choice for genetic research , it is because of - EMS, an alkylating agent, commonly…
Q: Any mutation inside or outside a coding regionthat reduces or abolishes protein activity in one of…
A: It is one of the types of mutations subclassified on the basis of the effects on the function of…
Q: Why are regulatory mutations at the mouse Sonic hedgehog gene dominant and viable? Why do coding…
A: Introduction A gene mutation is defined as a change in the nucleotide sequence in DNA. This…
Q: What would be the effect on transcription of a short insertional mutation between the-10 box and the…
A: The central dogma of molecular biology explains the flow of genetic information through the…
The most prominent mutation of ERBB2 in breast cancer is L755S. What kind of mutation is this? Is this a driver or passenger mutation? How to do you know?
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- What is the function of RAG1? What will happen if RAG1's function is lost due to mutations?What happens if there is too much p16-ink4a in a juvenile and elderly human? what happens if a juvenile produces a mutation form that lacks activity?What does a suppressor mutation suppress? What is the differencebetween an intragenic and an intergenic suppressor?
- why would a mutation complex 1 usually not result in immediate death ? And while blocking complex IV can result in immediate death ?In the replica plate experiment, it shows that mutations are random. However, certain environmental stresses (such as high temperature, high salt, and low pH) can increase the mutation rate. QUESTIONS: Does this indicate that mutations are nonrandom, since they increase in response to cell stressors?Why is the p53 R273W mutation preventing p53 from binding to DNA?
- Why are regulatory mutations at the mouse Sonic hedgehog gene dominant and viable? Why do coding mutations cause more widespread defects?Explain the difference between a gain-of-functionmutation and a dominant-negative mutation. Why areboth these types of mutation usually dominant?How does the effect of nonsense mutation differ from that of a frameshift mutation? Why?
- If p63 can bind to the same promoter elements as p53, why would it be considered an inhibitor of p53? Can you clarify this relationship a bit?PTC is not a biological compound, but a chemical which became known after research done by Arthur J. Fox. Why is the TAS2R38 gene also called the PTC gene?Two types of mutations discussed in this chapter are (1) nucleotide changes and (2) unstable genome regions that undergo dynamic changes. Describe each type of mutation.