The process of iron being oxidized to iron(II) oxide (rust) is spontaneous. Which of these statements about this process is/are true? (a) The reduction of iron(III) oxide to iron is also spontaneous. (b) Because the process is spontaneous, the oxidation of iron must be fast. (c) The oxidation of iron is endothermic. (d) The energy of the universe is decreased when iron is oxidized to rust.

Q: Why is the standard entropy of a substance in the gas state greater than its standard entropy in the…

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Q: If enthalpy is +220 kJ for a reaction and entropy is +120 J, at what temperature is this…

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Q: A reactions has ΔH°298 = 100 kJ/mol and ΔS°298 = 250 J/mol·K. Is the reaction spontaneous at room…

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Q: The entropy of a reaction is 360 J/mol K and the enthalpy of a reaction is 847 kJ/mol. Calculate the…

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Q: Given ΔHrxn∘= −135 kJ, ΔS∘rxn= −263 J/K, and T= 550 K, will the reaction be spontaneous or…

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Q: An ice cube at 0 Celcius melts when placed inside a room at 22 Celcius. Based on the concepts of…

A: Melting of ice requires energy to melt. So it is an endothermic process. The process in which energy…

Q: At what temperatures will a reaction be spontaneous if ΔrH° = +62.4 kJ and ΔrS° = +301 J/K?

A: The given values are: ∆rH°=+62.4 kJ=62400 J ∆rS° =+301 J K-1 For a reaction, the relation between…

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Q: Explain the difference between a spontaneous and non-spontaneous process, and provide an example of…

A: Difference between spontaneous and non-spontaneous process :

Q: 9. A chemical reaction under standard state has the enthalpy of reaction: A,H° = +117 kJ and the…

A: B) The reaction is entropy driven.

Q: At 25°C, a reaction undergoes an enthalpy change of −27.0 kJ mol^−1 and an entropy change of 27.0 J…

A: Enthalpy change (∆H) = -27.0 KJ mol-1 ...Or because 1KJ = 1000 J    .....so, -27.0 KJ mol-1 × (1000…

Q: A certain reaction is spontaneous at 25°C. If the enthalpy change for the reaction is 29.8 kJ/mol,…

A:

Q: A process increases the entropy of the system by 128 J/mol K and absorbs 54 kJ/mol of heat from the…

A: Given: Change in entropy (∆S) = 128 J/mol•K Absorbed heat=54 kJ/mol =54×103 J/mol    To determine…

Q: Predict the sign of delta H and delta S for the reaction X(s) = X(g) and state under what conditions…

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Q: Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) The third law of thermodynamics says that the…

A: The entropy tells the randomness present in the system due to its disorderness created in the…

Q: 3. (2) Does the entropy of the surroundings always increase for spontaneous processes? Explain. (b)…

A: The entropy is a measure of randomness of a system. In a spontaneous process, the entropy of the…

Q: How can a system or chemical reaction have a negative entropy change and be spontaneous?

A: Chemical reaction:

Q: Calculate the ΔG of the acid/base neutralization reaction of HCl (aq) and solid calcium  hydroxide.…

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Q: If a particular reaction has   ΔrH = +30 kJ mol–1    and    ΔrS = –60 J K–1mol–1, when do you expect…

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Q: Which of the following are spontaneous processes? a. Silverwares tarnish when exposed to air b. A…

A: Spontaneous processes = These are the process which occur without any external force.   a.…

Q: Define Standard States and Standard Entropy Changes?

A: Generally in chemistry standard state can be defined as the reference pint used to calculate its…

Q: Which substance would have the greatest standard molar entropy? N2(g) NO2(g)

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Q: An ice cube at 0 C melts when placed inside a room at 22 C (295 K). Based on the concepts of…

A: We need to identify the concept of spontaneity behind melting of ice according to thermodynamics.

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A: Thermodynamics is the branch of chemistry which deals with the study of heat and other forms of…

Q: Which of the following processes are spontaneous and which are nonspontaneous:formation of CH4 and…

A:

Q: What is the change in entropy in a large mass of water at 50 °C when it receives 155 kJ of energy in…

A: Answer is explained below. Given that, the change is reversible and the mass of water is large…

Q: Why can endothermic reactions be spontaneous?

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Q: If the Delta*H = 135kJ / m * ol and AS 92 J/K mol, at what temperature does this reaction become…

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Q: Define gibbs free energy in a reaction.

A: Thermodynamic is the branch of chemistry that mainly deals with the heat transfer between system and…

Q: [1] Given: CH,(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g). AH° for the reaction is +206.1 kJ/mol, while AS° is +215…

A: Note : Since you have posted multiple questions, we are entitled to answer the first only. Please…

Q: The standard free energy of formation, AG? , of a substance is the free energy change for the…

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Q: From your knowledge of microstates and the structure of liquid water, explain the difference in…

A: Finding: Microstates To find Structure of liquid water

Q: For a certain chemical reaction, ∆H° = -35.4 kJ and ∆S° = -85.5 J>K.Is the reaction spontaneous…

A: For a reaction is given by, ∆G=∆H - T∆S where ∆H is the heat of enthalpy, T is the temperature and…

Q: 1. Predict whether the following processes are spontaneous, are spontaneous in the reverse or are in…

A: Spontaneous process is the process which takes its own.i.e process which doesn't required any…

Q: What is the application of standard Gibbs free-energy to processes and reactions What is its…

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Q: Can a process be spontaneous at one temperature and nonspontaneous at a different temperature?

A: Thermodynamics can be used to explain the spontaneity of a reaction.

Q: If the AH = 200 kJ/mol and AS = 133 J/K mol, at what temperature does this reaction become…

A: Given: ∆H for the reaction = 200 kJ/mol ∆S for the reaction = 133 J/K mol We have to calculate the…

Q: What is Gibbs free energy, and what is ΔG for a reaction, and what does it mean if ΔG is positive,…

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Q: Under standard conditions, the products of a reaction have, overall, greater entropy than the…

A: Given that ∆S°products is greater than ∆S°reactants .

Q: Neither the change in enthalpy nor the change in entropy is, by itself, sufficient to determine…

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Q: enumerate at least three examples each for a spontaneous reaction and a nonspontaneous reaction

A: A spontaneous reaction is a reaction which occurs without the help of an external force or energy.…

Q: 2.1. For the isothermal expansion of a gas into a vacuum, (a) Is this a spontaneous process? (b)…

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Q: State the first law of thermodynamics in terms of (a) the en-ergy of the universe; (b) the creation…

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Q: Is the formation of ozone (O3(g)) from oxygen (O2(g)) spontaneous at room temperature under standard…

A: Thermodynamic is the branch of chemistry that mainly deals with the heat transfer between system and…

Q: Calculate ∆G° for a reaction for which ∆H° = 24.6 kJ and ∆S° = 132 J/K at 298 K. Is the reaction…

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Q: Describe Gibbs' free energy and give an example of a spontaneous process.

A: The process which occur by itself without any external energy is known as spontaneous process.

Q: Arrange HCl(l), NaF(s), and SiF4(g) in the order of decreasing standard molar entropy at 25°C.

A: Arrange HCl(l), NaF(s), and SiF4(g) in the order of decreasing standard molar entropy at 25°C.

Q: 11) Why can endothermic reactions be spontaneous?

A: Introduction: Endothermic reaction: The reaction which requires heat to form the product is called…

Q: For each reaction with ΔH = + 245 kJ/mol and ΔS = + 48 J/molK ,at what temperature at which the…

A: The question is based on the concept chemical thermodynamics.   We have been given entropy &…

Q: Why do exothermic processes tend to be spontaneous at low temperatures?

A: Why do exothermic processes tend to be spontaneous at low temperatures?

Q: In order to be a spontaneous reaction, what has to be true about Gibbs Free Energy?

A: Gibbs free energy of any reaction is defined as the maximum amount of reversible work that may be…

Q: Under what conditions is N2 O3(g) ⟶ NO(g) + NO2(g) spontaneous?

A: to calculate spontaneity of reaction we have the formula ∆G°298 =∆H-T∆S° where, ∆H= change in…