The remarkable properties that allow ATP synthase to run in either direction allow the interconversion of energy stored in the H+ gradient and energy stored in ATP to proceed in either direction. If ATP synthase making ATP can be likened to a water-driven turbine producing electricity, what would be an appropriate analogy when it works in the opposite direction?

The remarkable properties that allow ATP synthase to run in either direction allow the interconversion of energy stored in the H+ gradient and energy stored in ATP to proceed in either direction. If ATP synthase making ATP can be likened to a water-driven turbine producing electricity, what would be an appropriate analogy when it works in the opposite direction?

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter2: Cell Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2TAHL

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Similar questions

When hydrogen ions flow across the membrane through the molecular turbine (ATP synthase), is this movement of H+ ions an active or passive process?
Suppose a liver cell developed a mutation such that all of its ATP synthase complexes are now super efficient, and they now only require 1 H+ to pass through the complex to produce one molecule of 1 ATP! How many net ATP would be produced in these liver cells from the complete oxidation of 1 molecule of glucose?
Can you please explain the relationship of ATP concentration and NADH concentration in this graph (cellular respiration)? At different treatments of ATP (E.g. At 25 ATP, 50 ATP, 100 ATP), why did the NADH concentration change?
"The number of c subunits in the rotor ring of ATP synthase defines how many protons need to pass through the turbine to make each molecule of ATP." is true or false.
How would the ATP yield per glucose molecule be different if enzyme specificity forced FADH2 to be used in place of NADH throughout aerobic metabolism?
Figures A and B show ion H+ flow across membranes and ATP generation through membrane-bound ATP synthase. Which of the following best describes the specific gradients driving ATP synthesis in figures A and B? Figure A shows the proton gradient during oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, while figure B shows the proton gradient during photophosphorylation in chloroplasts. Figure A shows the NAD+ gradient during oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, while figure B shows the NADPH gradient during photophosphorylation in chloroplasts. Figure A shows the NAD+ gradient during the Krebs cycle and chemiosmosis in mitochondria, while figure B shows the NADPH gradient during the Calvin cycle and chemiosmosis in chloroplasts. Figure A shows the proton gradient during the Krebs cycle and chemiosmosis in mitochondria, while figure B shows the proton gradient during the Calvin cycle and chemiosmosis in chloroplasts.
Much of our understanding of ATP synthase is derived from research on aerobic bacteria. What makes these organisms useful for this research? Where do the reactions of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron-transport chain occur in these organisms?
Discuss why the electron transport chain ceases to operate when actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATP Synthase. How do those inhibitors inhibit ATP synthase? What is the thermodynamic result of this inhibition? Why does the inhibition of the synthase cause inhibition of the ETS?
Calculate the ATP yield when glucose is catabolized completely to six CO2 by a eukaryotic microbe. How does this value compare to the ATP yield observed for a bacterium? Suppose a bacterium used the Entner-Doudoroff pathway to degrade glucose to pyruvate and then completed the catabolism of glucose via the TCA cycle. How would this affect the total maximum ATP yield? Explain your reasoning.
If a bacterium has 12 c-subunits in its ATP synthase and a yeast (eukaryotic) has 10 c-subunits in its ATP synthase, which would have more ATP per mole glucose available for processes that require ATP in the cytoplasm? Calculate the amounts of ATP produced per H+ transferred to explain your answer.
What drives the rotation of the F1 head (rotor) of ATP synthase? a. proton movement from intermembrane space to the matrix b. proton movement from the matrix to the intermembrane space c. ATP hydrolysis d. ATP condensation e. proton movement from the cytoplasm to the intermembrane space
True or false: F1 unit of ATP synthase is capable of synthesizing 3ATP molecules per a complete revolution. F1 unit can synthesize 4 or 5ATP molecules if the c subunit of F0 unit has more than 12 proton binding peptides. Unlike Complex I inhibitors, Complex IV inhibitors can shut down the entire ETC.