The track curves on the Transnet railway line between Belfast and Steelport in the Limpopo province are heavily corrugated. Explain how you would use FEM to determine the following parameters: i) Total corrugation frequency. ii) Lateral vibrations. iii) Fatigue stresses on the rails.
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- Draw a fatigue loading spectrum (stress - time plot) for R = 0.5, and define the followings by writing the appropriate equations of them, and show them on the spectrum.(a) Maximum and minimum stresses,(b) Stress range,(c) Stress amplitude,(d) Mean stress,(e) Cycle.To manufacture a piston with a circular cross section, an alloy steel bar is required whose length is fixed and has a value of 35 cm and must withstand a compression load of 5.2 tons. For its design, a safety factor of 4/5 is suggested with respect to the yield stress. The shear modulus for that alloy is 80 GPa.To know the resistance of this steel alloy, a compression test was carried out on a specimen of the same material, from this test the data table of stress against engineering deformation shown was obtained. Image 1 1) Calculate the increase in the diameter of the bar when the load is applied2) Define the Poisson's ratio and calculate its valueWhat do you mean by fatigue failure of machine parts? Explain briefly. Give an example ofa thing or part that failed by the repeated compressive load in daily life use. And Sketch stress-strain curves of ductile and brittle materials. Show all the relevant points andstrength. Also, discuss the differences of behaviour between ductile and brittle material withrespect to stress-strain curves.
- An NDT examination of a steel component reveals the presence of a 5 mm long edge crack. If plane - strain conditions prevail (KIC = 75 MPa.m0.5), what would be the residual service lifetime of the steel part if it were subjected to repeated stresses of 400 MPa? The Paris law equation for the steel has parameters of A=4X10-37 and m = 4a rectangular stepped bar is shown. the bar is loaded in bending. determine the fatigue stress concentration factor if the ultimate stress of the material is 690 mPa. please inlcude how to calculate the notch sensitivity.What is meant by the terms “Endurance Limit” and “Fatigue Limit”? (b): Describe the term “creep” and the effect of temperature and stress on creep.
- Determine the value of "Thermal expansion" for a given temperature change of the materials shown in the samples. Lo=20 mm, Copper Alloy C11000 (electrolytic tough pitch), T1=20 C, T2=100 C.dL=?, Lf=?Explain cumulative fatigue.For a large plate, the geometry factor, f, is 1.03. Suppose a steel casting alloy has a critical fracture toughness of 78,886 psi*in1/2. The steel will be exposed to a stress of 40,295 psi during service. Calculate the minimum size of an edge crack that will grow. Repeat the calculation for Al2O3 with a fracture toughness of 1,600 psi*in1/2. How many times larger is the minimum size edge crack in the steel versus the alumina?
- 1. Give an example of a creep plot for some material. From the creep plot, determinea. the steady-state creep rate and (b) the rupture lifetime.2. Describe the mechanism of crack propagation for both ductile and brittle modes offracture.Q1:Explain creep and also explain its importance. Q:02. Why fatigue is dangerous. Explain it with some examples.Consider the tensile stress-strain diagram below. If samples 1 and 2 are identical except that they were tested at different temperatures, which sample was tested at a lower temperature? Note: This question will be marked negatively so consider your answer carefully. A. Sample 1 B. Both were tested at the same temperature/ Alby is by die dieselfde temperatuur getoets C. Sample 2