There are a number of drugs that are prescribed to patients with heart failure in an effort to increase cardiac output to improve end organ perfusion, improve blood delivery to kidneys and reduce backup of blood in the pulmonary circuit. How do the inotropic agents digitalis, levosimendan and dobutamine increase cardiac output?

Q: Describe how the pressure in the left ventricle and in the systemic arteries varies during the…

A: The heart is a muscular organ that is divided into the left and right sides to prevent the mixing of…

Q: Consider the equation cardiac output (CO) = stroke volume (SV) X heart rate Which of the following…

A: Afterload is the pressure the heart must work against to eject blood during systole. When…

Q: What two values are needed in order to calculate cardiac output (CO) for a ventricle? a.…

A: Answer is c.)  stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR) .

Q: Describe the four specific properties of cardiac cells of the heart?

A: The heart comprises generally of cardiovascular muscle cells (or myocardium). The remarkable…

Q: Discuss the regulation of cardiac output during exercise.

A: The cells are the primary unit of life. The cells form the tissues which collectively form an organ.…

Q: Describe and analyze the portions of an EKG. Describe the effects on the different chambers of the…

A: A human heart is 4 chambered mascular organ. Its present inside chest and its similar to a fist in…

Q: The two factors that assist the relatively low venous pressures in propelling blood toward the heart…

A: The circulatory system in humans has the heart, blood vessels- arteries and veins, etc. mainly. The…

Q: Compare and contrast pressure and volume changes of the left ?and right ventricles and the aorta…

A: Answer: Introduction: The heart is present in the thoracic (Thorax) cavity medially among the lungs…

Q: Cardiac output cannot increase indefinitely because (a) available filling time becomes shorter as…

A: The circulatory system is a blood vessels network that delivers blood to body's every part. Blood…

Q: What is Preload and Afterload in the cardiac output of a human heart?

A: Preload is the initial stretching of the cardiac myocytes (muscle cells) prior to contraction. It is…

Q: Explain how Cardiac output is controlled and affected by the following factors: 1. the atrial and…

A: Atrial reflexes is in action when there is venous return to the heart. Baroreceptors in the superior…

Q: What is the importance and the physiology of the cardiac conduction system?

A: Cardiac conduction system is also known as the electrical conduction system of the heart. The…

Q: What effect does a bigger heart have on stroke volume and heart beat?

A: Stroke Volume (SV) can be defined as the volume of blood in milliliters that is ejected from each…

Q: In a single cardiac cycle, if EDV increases, what do you predict about the upcoming SV? Will SV…

A: In a single cardiac cycle, if EDV the upcoming SV will also increase.  EDV is directly proportional…

Q: What compensatory measures does the body employ in an attempt to restore cardiac output?

A: The circulatory system is one of the most essential systems in the body. The function of the…

Q: Sketch and discuss the most important waveforms associated to the cardiac cycle and what is the…

A: A sequence of alternating contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles in order to pump…

Q: Which of the following is the mean cardiac output (in L/min) needed to sustain oxygen delivery to…

A: Normal cardiac output is the result of heart rate and stroke volume which is measured in litres per…

Q: Discuss the relationship between Ventricular end-diastolic Volume and Stroke Volume?

A: Cardiac output (CO) is the volume of blood pumped by the heart through the systemic circulation. It…

Q: Imagine that you are feeling very anxious as you walk to the podium to deliver a speech. If your…

A: Ans: Cardiac output: The cardiac out put is the amount of blood pumped by heart to different organs…

Q: What effects does the parasympathetic nervous system have on cardiac output?

A: The cardiovascular system plays the part in conveying the blood through vessels to and from all…

Q: Explain Mechanical Events of the Cardiac Cycle?

A: The cardiac cycle involves the events that occur in the heart chambers in a single heartbeat. The…

Q: potential

A: Introduction:-The conductive cell's with in the heart established the heart rates and transmits it…

Q: Parasympathetic stimulation also increases the delay between atrial and ventricular contractions.…

A: In physiology, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the stimulation of…

Q: When during the cardiac cycle do ventricles contain their maximal amount of blood? At the end of…

A: Cardiac cycle is referred to as the time period between the contraction of atria and the relaxation…

Q: What is the cardiac output of a person with a resting stroke volume of 60 mL and a heartbeat of 80…

A: Cardiac output is the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute. Cardiac output= stroke volume×…

Q: The entry of calcium into a ventricular muscle cell helps to maintain depolarization of the membrane…

A: A well-working conduction system generates a depolarization wave, which causes the atria and…

Q: How does COPD correlate with left ventricular pressure and primary heart failure

A: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a long term condition of the lung which causes difficulty…

Q: Can you please explain in detail :  is the ventricular afterload a determinant of cardiac…

A: Cardiac Output- This is the process in which blood volume used to ejected by the heart/ unit time.…

Q: How does the long plateau of the cardiac action potential develop and what is its functional role?

A: Hi, Thanks For Your Question.  Answer : A Transient Shift In Voltage (Membrane Potential) Across The…

Q: Cardiotonic Drugs (Inotropic). Increase intracellular calcium and allow more calcium to enter…

A: Here we have to select a drug which is ionotropic, increase force of contraction but decreased heart…

Q: Would a ventricular septal defect cause: Choose one. Pulmonary edema due to vasoconstriction…

A: Ventricular septal defect is a heart defect because of hole in the wall between the heat lower…

Q: Which organs have an increased proportion of cardiac output during exercise? Which receive a…

A: Cardiac output is also called heart output. It describes the blood volume being pumped by the heart…

Q: Which of the following is/are true concerning the opening and closing of the cardiac valves? A.…

A: Backward blood flow is prevented by the valves. On each end of the two ventricles are flaps that act…

Q: A 60 year-old patient HA, who was bedridden for a few days, feels dizzy and experiences significant…

A: In the given question standing up from lying position in the bedridden geriatric patient results in…

Q: Knowing that a patient with chronic heart failure is using digoxin (digitalis) for more than 1 year,…

A: Digoxin is a medication that is commonly used to treat a variety of different heart conditions, such…

Q: How can an individual’s maximum heart rate be estimated explain with a formula?

A: Heart rate is defined as the number of heartbeats per minute. A normal resting heart rate for adults…

Q: Which of the following is/are true? More than one answer may be correct. Choose all that apply) as…

A: Animal physiology is the systematic study of the supporting features, roles, and processes of…

Q: below are a number of scenarios. Please determine and explain how each will impact cardiac output.…

A: Cardiac output is the product of heart rate and stroke volume and it is measured in liters per…

Q: List the ECG characteristics of first-degree AV block in lead?

A: First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block is a condition of abnormally slow conduction through the AV…

Q: Heart rate FIRST 10 sec post-exercise: 130 bpm Heart rate LAST 10 sec post-exercise: 97 bpm How are…

A: During exercise, your body may need three or four times your normal cardiac output, because your…

Q: Explain the mechanism of the contractions of the heart and how it is regulated?

A: The heart is a muscular organ that is divided into four chambers: Left auricle (LA), right auricle…

Q: During the isovolumetric relaxation phase of ventricular diastole: O a) Both ventricular volume and…

A: Ventricular diastole:- Is the period during which the two ventricles are relaxing from the  wringing…