Thiamine thiazolone pyrophosphate binds to pyruvate dehydrogenase about 20,000 times as strongly as does thiamine pyrophosphate, and it competitively inhibits the enzyme. Why?

Q: The malate–aspartate shuttle yields about2.5 moles of ATP for each mole of cytosolic NADH. Why…

A: Malate-Aspartate Shuttle is a biochemical system that is used for the translocation of electrons…

Q: The CO2 produced in one round of the citric acid cycle does not originate in the acetyl carbons that…

A: Cellular Respiration is the oxidative process through which energy is obtained from the food. The…

Q: Explain why the reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a crucial juncture in…

A: The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of…

Q: Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate? O a) Pyruvate…

A: Proper anaerobic conditions allow lactate to be produced from pyruvate. In the aerobic conditions,…

Q: Which of the following cofactors is NOT used by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? a. NAD+ b. FAD…

A: The pyruvate formed by the process of glycolysis is converted into acetyl-CoA. The reaction is…

Q: In the last step of glycolysis, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is converted to pyruvate and during this…

A: Glycolysis - Glycolysis is the process by which one molecule of glucose is converted into two…

Q: Why, do you suppose, the coenzyme for the reaction in the citric acid cycle that is catalyzed by…

A: Succinate dehydrogenase is an enzyme complex found in inner mitochondrial membrane and participates…

Q: FAD is a stronger oxidant than NAD+; FAD has a higher standard reductionpotential than NAD+. Yet in…

A: The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex consists of multiple copies each of the three enzymes pyruvate…

Q: Pyruvate is metabolized involving a multienzyme complex, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). (a).…

A: Metabolic pathways are series of biochemical reactions that are catalyzed by a series of enzymes.…

Q: How does an increase in the NADH/NAD+ratio affect the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase?

A: The enzyme pyruvate (PDH) dehydrogenase is the major protein complex that helps to connect…

Q: Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate?  Select one:  a.…

A: Enzymes are protein substances that are involved in the regulation of the rate which chemical…

Q: One of the consequences of ethanol addiction is fattyliver disease, an illness in which liver cells…

A: NADH or “nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)” is a reduced form of molecule NAD+…

Q: Which of the following statements are FALSE?     a A compound is an inhibitor of…

A: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the important intermediate…

Q: The initial step of the citric acid cycle is a. Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA b. Formation of…

A: Citric acid or Kreb's cycle or TCA cycle is the second step of aerobic respiration that takes place…

Q: Which precursors accumulate in patients with niacin deficiency. What effect does this deficiency…

A: Niacin is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nicotinamide adenine…

Q: What yield of ATP can be expected from complete oxidation of each of the following substrates by the…

A: Introduction: A metabolic pathway is a related sequence of chemical reactions that occur within a…

Q: What enzymes from the citric acid cycle that are allosterically regulated by ATP and/or NADH?  What…

A: TCA cycle: - In this cycle, the activated acetate derived from pyruvate undergoes stepwise oxidation…

Q: Why does it make sense that under conditions of low ATP levels in the cell the pyruvate carboxylase…

A: Reaction catalyzed by Pyruvate carboxylase is given below; Pyruvate + CO2 + ATP + H2O →Pyruvate…

Q: The Km and kcat for fumarase with fumarate as a substrate are 5 × 10−6 M and 8 × 102 s−1,…

A: The citric acid cycle is the metabolic pathway, during which the oxaloacetate is formed from the…

Q: The conversion of 1 mol of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to 2 mol of pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway…

A: Glycolysis involves converting glucose into pyruvate in order to generate ATP, the energy currency…

Q: Why does it make sense that under conditions of low ATP levels in the cell the pyruvate carboxylase…

A: Glucose is degraded to pyruvate through the process of glycolysis that occurs in the cytoplasm.…

Q: Because dichloroacetate inhibits the enzyme pyruvatedehydrogenase kinase, this compound has been…

A: Pyruvate is an important product formed during the glycolysis stage of aerobic respiration. Pyruvate…

Q: If (1-1C)-glucose is metabolized to acetyl-CoA and CO2 via glycolysis and the pyruvate dehydrogenase…

A: Glucose is metabolized into the pyruvate and through the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex and…

Q: Pyruvate has three different fates. What are the three different molecules pyruvate is converted…

A: Pyruvate is majorly released from the process of glycolysis, which is a three-carbon compound.

Q: All of the following steps act as sources of energy in citric acid cycle except - a) Citrate…

A: Citric acid cycle , also known as TCA cycle, is a series of chemical reactions to release energy by…

Q: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in chloroplasts uses NADPH to participate in the synthesis…

A: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in the gluconeogenesis pathways utilizes NADH which…

Q: Which of the following is incorrect about the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction? a. It links…

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase is the enzyme that catalyses the important reaction that involves the…

Q: What three steps are included in the breakdown of pyruvate? Explain the importance of Acetyl Co A as…

A: Animal cells produce ATP by cellular respiration, whereas plant cells produce carbohydrates through…

Q: Draw a plausible mechanism for the oxidation of dihydrolipoamide to lipoamide by the E3 subunit…

A: A trivial term for 6,8-dithiooctanoic amide is lipoamide. Lipoamide is an efficient form of lipoic…

Q: The oxidation of Gly-3-P to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate proceeds with an unfavorable AG which equals 6.3…

A: During the glycolysis process, the glucose molecule is get converted into pyruvate. In the sixth…

Q: fatty acid breakdown generates a large amount of acetyl CoA. What will be the effect of fatty acid…

A: The oxidation of fatty acids and glucose provides a huge amount of ATP. The amount of energy…

Q: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and α -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex are huge enzymes…

A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that help in catalyzing or speeding up biological reactions by…

Q: Which of the following Krebs cycle enzymes generates a molecule of FADH2 from FAD? a-ketoglutarate…

A: The citric acid cycle or the Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic…

Q: The citric acid cycle operates only when O2 is present, yet O2 is not a substrate for the cycle.…

A: The citric acid cycle also referred to as the Krebs cycle or TCA (Tricarboxylic acid cycle) is a…

Q: Which of the following regulatory mechanisms are used to regulate the enzyme activity of the…

A: Pyruvate dehyrogenase complex converts  pyruvate into acetyl-CoA.

Q: Explain why pyruvate cannot be converted to glucose in an exact reverse of the glycolysis pathway.

A: Glycolysis is the metabolic breakdown of glucose into pyruvate and releasing energy in the process.…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a metabolic fate of pyruvate? The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex…

A: Metabolic fate is the sum total of chemical processes occurring in living organisms resulting in…

Q: Which of the following describe a role of lipoic acid in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of the…

A: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC) is a multi-enzyme complex that is responsible for catalyzing…

Q: You know that during oxidative phosphorylation, 1 NADH creates 2.5 ATP and 1 FADH2 creates 1.5 ATP.…

A: The breakdown of glucose takes place during glycolysis is in which there isa net gain of 8 ATP  The…

Q: Why can pyruvate cross the mitochondrial membrane but no other molecule after step 1 in glycolysis…

A: Glycolysis is one of the biochemical pathway that breakdown a molecule of glucose into two molecules…

Q: In response low density lipoprotein (LDL), cells elevate the activity of ATP-citrate lyase, which…

A: There are different types of cholesterol circulating in the blood. They are classified based on…

Q: One consequence of ethanol addiction is fatty liver disease, an illness in which liver cells…

A: The metabolism of alcohol occurs via different reactions. One of these reactions is…

Q: What is the first cofactor to accept electrons from pyruvate in the Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme is a multi enzyme complex which links glycolysis to krebs cycle.…

Q: Which citric acid cycle enzyme utilizes a similar reaction mechanism to pyruvate dehydrogenase? O…

A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of biochemical reactions by lowering the…

Q: . In deciding which form of isocitrate dehydrogenase plays the more important role in the citric…

A: The citric acid cycle is also known as TCA cycle. It is a series of chemical reactions used by all…

Q: One treatment for shock is to administer dichloroacetate (DCA), which inhibits the kinase associated…

A: The enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is involved in the conversion of pyruvate produced in the…

Q: Which glycolysis reactions are catalyzed by the following enzymes?(a) Pyruvate kinase(b)…

A: Glycolysis is the process, during which glucose molecule is converted into molecules of pyruvate.

Q: Name all the oxidoreductases involved in glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and the TCA…

A: Oxidoreductases are a group of enzymes that take part in an oxidoreduction reaction. They catalyze…

Q: Compound Q is a newly discovered inhibitor of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme…

A: Metabolism is the chemical reactions that occur in the cells of an organism. It involves catabolism…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.