Three friends i = 1, 2, 3 get together for a few drinks and decide to share the total bill equally. Friend i's preferences are represented by the utility function u₁(x₁, y₁) = 2√x-y₁. where x; is the number of drinks that i consumes and y; is the amount of money that i pays. Each drink costs $1. (a) Describe the strategic game generated by this situation.
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- Consider a modified Traveler’s Dilemma. In terms of strategy options that the players have and the dollars they earn, it is like the standard Traveler’s Dilemma, but the players do not have endless appetite for money. Up to 100 dollars, each dollar feels like a dollar. But any moneybeyond 100 is psychologically like 100 dollars. Assuming that players are maximizers of ‘psychological’ dollars instead of real dollars, describe all the Nash equilibria of this modified Traveler’s Dilemma.For the operating system game, let us assume Windows is more superior than Mac intrinsically and that network effects are stronger for Macs. These modifications are reflected in different payoffs. Now, the payoffs from adopting Windows is 30 + 10 × w and from adopting Mac is 20 × m. n consumers are simultaneously deciding between Windows and Mac, where n > 10. (a) Is there a Nash equilibrium in which everyone buys Windows? Explain your answer. (b) Is there a Nash equilibrium in which everyone buys Mac? Explain your answer. (c) Is there a Nash equilibrium in which some consumers buy Windows and some consumers buy Mac? Explain your answer.At a company, 20 employees are making contributions for a retirement gift.Each person is choosing how many dollars to contribute from the interval[0,10]. The payoff to person i is bi X xi - xi, where bi > 0 is the “warm glow”he receives from each dollar he contributes, and he incurs a personal cost of 1.a. Assume bi < 1 for all i. Find all Nash equilibria. How much is collected?b. Assume bi > 1 for all i. Find all Nash equilibria. How much is collected?c. Assume bi = 1 for all i. Find all Nash equilibria. How much is collected?Now suppose the manager of these 20 employees has announced that shewill contribute d > 0 dollars for each dollar that an employee contributes.The warm glow effect to employee i from contributing a dollar is now bi X(1 + d) because each dollar contributed actually results in a total contribution of 1 + d. Assume bi = 0.1 for i = 1, . . . , 5; bi = 0.2 for i = 6, . . . , 10; bi = 0.25 for i = 11, . . . , 15; and bi = 0.5 for i = 16, . . . , 20.d. What…
- Suppose two bidders compete for a single indivisible item (e.g., a used car, a piece of art, etc.). We assume that bidder 1 values the item at $v1, and bidder 2 values the item at $v2. We assume that v1 > v2. In this problem we study a second price auction, which proceeds as follows. Each player i = 1, 2 simultaneously chooses a bid bi ≥ 0. The higher of the two bidders wins, and pays the second highest bid (in this case, the other player’s bid). In case of a tie, suppose the item goes to bidder 1. If a bidder does not win, their payoff is zero; if the bidder wins, their payoff is their value minus the second highest bid. a) Now suppose that player 1 bids b1 = v2 and player 2 bids b2 = v1, i.e., they both bid the value of the other player. (Note that in this case, player 2 is bidding above their value!) Show that this is a pure NE of the second price auction. (Note that in this pure NE the player with the lower value wins, while in the weak dominant strategy equilibrium where both…Theo and Addy are deciding what toys to pick out at the toy store. Depending on what toys they pick, they can play different games together, but they can’t coordinate their choices. They can’t talk to one another at all until after that make their choice. Below is their payout matrix which shows their utility for each choice. All the bold figures are for Theo and all the non bold figures are for Addy. Addy Strategies Theo Strategies Toy Gas Pump Jump Rope Toy food 20 10 10 3 Ball 7 3 9 4 a) If Theo chooses Toy Food, what would be the possible outcomes for Addy? What would be best for Addy? b) If Addy chose a Toy Gas Pump, what are the possible outcomes for Theo? What would be best for Theo? c) Does Addy have a dominant strategy? If yes, what is her strategy? If not how can you tell? d) Does Theo have a dominant strategy? If yes, what is her strategy? If not how…Each actor has two possible actions: reduce greenhouse-gas emissions or increase emissions. Each player's payoffs for various combinations of actions are shown in the cells: by convention, the row player (EU)'s payoffs are shown first, and the column player (China)'s payoffs are shown second. Based on this matrix, which of the following statements are true? A.The EU is better off reducing its emissions, but only if China also reduces its emissions B. China is better off increasing its emissions, but only if the EU also increases its emissions C.Both China and the EU are better off increasing their emissions, whatever the other player does D.All of the above E.None of the above
- Please no written by hand Two players bargain over how to split $10. Each player i ∈ {1, 2} choose a number si ∈ [0, 10] (which does not need to be an integer). Each player’s payoff is the money he receives. We consider two allocation rules. In each case, if s1 + s2 ≤ 10, each player gets his chosen amount si and the rest is destroyed. 1. In the first case, if s1 + s2 > 10, both players get zero. What are the (pure strategy) Nash equilibria? 2. In the second case, if s1 + s2 > 10 and s1 6= s2, the player who chose the smallest amount receives this amount and the other gets the rest. If s1 + s2 > 10 and s1 = s2, they both get $5. What are the (pure strategy) Nash equilibria? 3. Now suppose that s1 and s2 must be integers. Does this change the (pure strategy) Nash equilibria in either case?Rachel, Monica, and Phoebe are roommates; each has 10 hours of free time you could spend cleaning your apartment. You all dislike cleaning, but you all like having a clean apartment: each person’s payoff is the total hours spent (by everyone) cleaning, minus a number 1/2 times the hours spent (individually) cleaning.That is, ui(s1, s2, s3) = s1 + s2 + s3 -1/2si Assume everyone chooses simultaneously how much time to spend cleaning. a. Find the Nash equilibrium. b. Find the Nash if the payoff for each player is: ui(s1, s2, s3) = s1 + s2 + s3 − 3si Is the Nash equilibrium Pareto efficient? If not, can you find an outcome in which everyone is better off than in the Nash equilibrium outcome?Two neighboring homeowners, i = 1,2, simultaneously choose how many hours to spend maintaining a lawn. The AVERAGE benefit per hour for i is (e.g., it is for homeowner 1) And the (opportunity) cost per hour for each homeowner is 4. (a) Give each homeowner’s (net) payoff as a function of and . (b) Compute the Nash equilibrium.
- The prisoner illustrates that rational, self-interested individuals will natuarally avoid the Nash equilibrium, because it is worse for both of them, true or false and why ?Let us see the example of Juan and María given but modify their preferences. It is still the case that they are competitive and are deciding whether to show up at their mom’s house at 8:00 A.M., 9:00 A.M., 10:00 A.M., or 11:00 A.M. But now they don’t mind waking up early. Assume that the payoff is 1 if he or she shows up before the other sibling, it is 0 if he or she shows up after the other sibling, and it is 1 if they show up at the same time. The time of the morning does not matter. Find all Nash equilibria.In the question that follows, n refers to the number of people rather than a fraction of the population. In the land of Pampa, living in the countryside gives you a fixed payoff of 100 (Pampa has lots of land), while living in a city gives you a payoff that first increases with the number of people living in the city (agglomeration), and then declines after the number of people goes above a certain threshold (congestion). Let us write this payoff as r = 20n - n²/2, where n is the number of city dwellers in that particular city. (a) Let N be the total population in Pampa. If only one city can exist in the entire country, trace out the set of equilibria (i.e., population allocations between countryside and city) as N varies from 0 to infinity. (b) Now suppose that new cities can come up, each yielding exactly the same payoff function as above. Focus on the equilibrium in each case with the maximum possible city dwellers, and explain how this equilibrium will move with the overall…