Tissues and differentiation a)Explain what is meant by termination and differentiation ).b) Explain the difference between an oncogenic and a tumour suppressor gene and describe how they are involved in the onset of cancer

Q: What are the Evidence for the clonal origin of tumors?

A: Tumor is a mass of tissues. It may be benign or malignant. The cellular growth that occurs when the…

Q: Identify the major differences between benign and malignant tumors.

A: Accumulation of abnormal cells which form a  mass of tissue is known as tumor. They are of varying…

Q: Describe the characteristics of cancer cells.

A: The cells are the primary unit of life. Based on the number of cells an organism may be unicellular…

Q: What are the normal functions of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene?

A: The BRCA1 gene codes for the protein that causes breast cancer type 1. BRCA1 is a human tumour…

Q: Define the implications of cancer subclones ?

A: Cancer is the disease caused by uncontrolled cell division.

Q: What significance do BRCA1 and BRCA2 have in regard to developing cancer, and what types of cancer…

A: BRCA 1 & BRCA 2 are found pair in all the organisms where one gene is obtained from each of the…

Q: why EGFR play a role in CRC and other cancer?

A: EGFR : It is epidermis growth factor receptor.  CRC:  Colorectal cancer. EGFR : It is one of the…

Q: Name the six fundamental properties of malignant tumours. Which of these properties are amenable to…

A: Malignant cells grow uncontrollably, invading nearby tissues and spreading to other parts of the…

Q: Describe three popular methods for silencing tumor-suppressor genes.

A: Introduction Tumor suppressor genes are those that slow down the division and development of cells.…

Q: Explain Three mechanisms for viral induction of cancer.

A: Cancer is not a single disease, its group of disease. Cancer causes are more, more risk disease,…

Q: Describe the genetic changes that inactivate tumor-suppressor genes.

A: Cancer is a condition of uncontrolled cell division which results in the formation of tumor. This is…

Q: Describe the characteristics of cancer, and explain the mechanism of transformation.

A: The main fundamental characteristic of cancer cells is the formation of a tumor colony from a single…

Q: Explain why metastasis can lead to multiplesecondary tumors in different sites.

A: When there is some mutation that occurs in the DNA of any cell that leads to abnormal and…

Q: Define about Some Proto-oncogenes and Tumor-suppressor Genes ?

A: Introduction: Proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes belong to cancer critical genes whose…

Q: What is a method some tumors use to evade restriction of their growth by secreting substances that…

A: Cells are the part of human body which grows and divide to make new cells. They are the basic…

Q: Please discuss the difference between cancers caused by tumor viruses and cancers caused by…

A: Cancer is a disease where cells grow or divide uncontrolly.

Q: Explain what is fundamental aberrations in all cancer cells ?

A: Answer: Introduction: The features of chromosomal aberrations in cancers, has studied in the 15,000…

Q: Which combination of oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and repair enzymes is LEAST likely to develop a…

A: 8. Normally, the human body have controlled cell growth and division i.e. new cells are created to…

Q: What is the role of the microenvironment in cancer development and progression?

A: Progression of cancer is the steps of progress of this disease, it includes many stages:  Stage I…

Q: What is the working of Tumor suppressor genes ?

A: There are two types of genes that are associated with tumors: Oncogenes: These genes when directly…

Q: b) What is one reason that it is challenging to treat cancer?

A: The uncontrolled set of cell divisions give rise to cancer cells. This happens so, when the control…

Q: Explain what it means when the developmental steps for cancer are “not obligatory” and give one…

A: Cancer is uncontrolled cell division and growth of cells. These tumors eventually start invading…

Q: explain the similarities  between benign and malignant tumors?

A: Cancer is uncontrolled, abnormal excessive  division of cells. Differences  Benign tumour  1. Slow…

Q: How does the multistep model of cancer explain the observation that sporadic cases of retinoblastoma…

A: Disease is a sickness or illness characterized by specific symptoms and signs. Cancer is a…

Q: Discuss the link between the exponential growth of tumors and tumor metastasis and how these are…

A: Cells divide consistently in the early phases of tumour formation, producing two daughter cells each…

Q: MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are associated with increased tumor formation?

A: The correct options are:  3. Decreased tumor suppressors 4. decreased repair enzymes 5. increased…

Q: What role do cell check points have in cancer ?

A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with uncontrolled division of cells and invasion of…

Q: What are the heritable changes in cells that contribute to cancer development?

A: Introduction  Cancer is a disease when a few of the body's cells grow out of control and spread to…

Q: Explain the following characteristics of an ideal tumor marker • Specificity for a single type of…

A: BREAST CANCER -A NONTENDER LUMP ON BREAST TYPES- 1. DUCTUAL CARCINOMA OF BREAST 2. LOBULAR CARCINOMA…

Q: What technique is used to identify genes involved in cancer formation ?

A:

Q: Explain in general what is meant by a proto-oncogene and how they are involved in the formation of a…

A: Proto-oncogenes are a bunch of normal genes present in a cell. They have the necessary information…

Q: Pick one initial of TNM cancer staging and identify what the different stages are and what they…

A: Knowing the cancer stage is very essential to plan and provide the need based treatment. Initial…

Q: What the hallmarks of cancer are? and briefly explain two of them.

A: The Hallmarks of Cancer are ten anti-cancer defense mechanisms that are hardwired into our cells,…

Q: What is meant by targeted cancer therapies, and what advantages do they offer?

A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…

Q: What are cancer-specific considerations?

A: A cancer diagnosis may be heartbreaking, and choosing the best therapy can be difficult and…

Q: Describe the difference between a tumor suppressor and an oncogene with respect to the actual causes…

A: Cancer is caused due to the uncontrollable division of cells leading to tumor formation. Genetic…

Q: What are the major differences between a tumor initiator (e.g., DMBA) and a tumor promoting agent…

A: Cancer is a disease in which cells, almost anywhere in the body, begin to divide uncontrollably…

Q: How would our understanding of this regulation affect cancer prognosis and treatment?

A: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex developmental process that allows cancer…

Q: Discuss the purpose and role of the various treatment modalities in the management of cancer

A: Cancer is a condition in which abnormal cells multiply uncontrollably and damage human tissue. A…

Q: Describe the key characteristics of cancer.

A: The tumor is the large mass of the tissue formed by the repeated division of the cell. It is of two…

Q: Briefly explain how cancer progresses through clonal evolution.

A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…

Q: What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors? What is the disadvantage of this…

A: TUMOR- A tumor is a lump or growth of cells that is abnormal. A tumor can sometimes be made up of…

Q: What are the key steps of transformation, tumorigenesis and metastasis on a cellular and tissue…

A: Transformation is a process in which a normal cell is transform into a cancerous cell  Tumor genesis…

Q: Explain the convoluted causes of cancer ?

A: Cancer types can be classified based on the type of cell they originated from. It can be melanoma,…