1. Outline the first round of lipid catabolism using a C18 saturated fatty acid. Indicatecofactors and type of chemistry that takes place.a. How much NADH, FADH2 and ACCOA are you getting from complete catabolismof this fatty acid?b. How many moles of ATP are you getting from the breakdown of this fatty acid?Keep in mind that in the mitochondria 1 mole FADH2 gives about 1.5 moles ofATP while 1 mole NADH yields about 2.5 moles of ATP.

The beta-oxidation of the fatty acids occurs in the mitochondria, it involves the sequential removal…

Answered: tline the first round of lipid…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter23: Fatty Acid Catabolism

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8P

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1.A patient with chronic pancreatitis and hence decreased secretory function of pancreas was prescribed an enzymatic drug «Enzystal» before each meal. Explain this prescription. For that: a)Name pansreatic enzymes, participating in digestion of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. What is their pH optimum and how is it reached in duodenum? b) Draw the scheme representing the cascade of activation of pancreatic proteolytic enzymes. Indicate the mechanism ofactivation and its reversability c)Why are proteolytic enzymes secreted by pancreas in inactive form? d)What recommendations on diet can be given to this patient?
1. Assuming that everything that’s needed to make tripalmitin comes from glucose, how many glucose would be used by adipose tissue in the synthesis of 1 mol tripalmitin? 2. How many ATP would be used (net of produced and used)? 3. If an animal absorbs 35 g glucose (MW = 180 g/mol) from drinking a can of pop, how many grams of tripalmitin (MW = 807 g/mol) can be produced from it in adipose tissue? Please provide only typed answer solution no handwritten solution needed allowed
1. Discuss the synthesis and utilization of ketone bodies. 2. Describe adequately the beta-oxidation of fatty acids. 3. What are the different pathways of glucose metabolism?
1.a. Given what you know about glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, does it make sense that insulin activates PDH phosphatase? Why? b.How do vitamins increase to the breadth of chemical reactions available within a biological system?
Fatty acids are stored in adipose tissue, as triacylglycerol (TAG) forms. TAGs are degraded as glycerol and fatty acids where energy is required. Based on that knowledge explain: a) How these products are used in the adipose, liver, and other tissue? b)Why glycerol can not be metabolized in adipose tissue?
Consider the fatty acids: (a) Arachidic acid (C20H40O2); molar mass = 312.5 g/mol) (b) Palmitoleic acid(C16H30O2); molar mass = 256.4 g/mol). i. How many cycles of β -oxidation are needed for complete oxidation?ii. How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from its complete catabolism?iii. Calculate the number of molecules (moles) of ATP formed (net) by the completecatabolism of each fatty acid (show your calculation).iv. Calculate number of moles of ATP formed per gram of each fatty acid metabolized.
1. Discuss fully the synthesis of triacylglycerol in the adipose tissue, muscles, intestines and liver. 2. Describe adequately the beta-oxidation of fatty acids. 3. Discuss the synthesis and utilization of ketone bodies.
1. What structurtal property of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids prevents oxidation of these compounds by the β-oxidation pathway? what additional types of reactions are needed?
6.Carbohydrate oxidation is faster than fat oxidation, and glucose is used first as the preferred energy source in skeletal muscles during intense physical activity. A.Explain the roles of anaerobic and aerobic oxidation of glucose for energy (ATP) production during intense physical activity. You may draw a figure to explain the anaerobic and aerobic oxidative phases of glucose oxidation. B.Explain what oxygen debt means, and how it is related to oxygen deficit during intense physical activity.
Consider the docosanoic acid, C21H43CO2H a. Label the a and B carbons b. Draw the acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? d. How many cycles of B-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid?
Complete the table below. Consider docosanoic acid (C21H43CO2H) Questions Solutions Answers a. Label the alpha and beta carbons. b. Draw the acetyl CoA derived from this fatty acid. c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? d. How many cycles of B-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid?
1.A fatty acid with 14 carbon atoms will undergo how many cycles of beta oxidation * 2.An unidentified fluid is received in the laboratory with a request to determine if the fluid is urine or another body fluid. Using routine laboratory tests, what tests would determine that the fluid is most probably urine

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