True or False? Intermediates in the glycolysis pathway can be a source of raw material if the cell wants to construct biological molecules such as triglycerides or amino acids, but the citric acid cycle cannot be used this way.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain, also known as the electron transport system, is a group of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to create a gradient of protons that drives adenosine triphosphate (ATP)synthesis. The cell uses ATP as an energy source for metabolic processes and cellular functions. ETC involves series of reactions that convert redox energy from NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)) and FADH2(flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) oxidation into proton-motive force(PMF), which is then used to synthesize ATP through conformational changes in the ATP synthase complex, a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Metabolism
Picture a campfire. It keeps the body warm on a cold night and provides light. To ensure that the fire keeps burning, fuel needs to be added(pieces of wood in this case). When a small piece is added, the fire burns bright for a bit and then dies down unless more wood is added. But, if too many pieces are placed at a time, the fire escalates and burns for a longer time, without actually burning away all the pieces that have been added. Many of them, especially the larger chunks or damp pieces, remain unburnt.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the cellular process involved in the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules from the organic nutritional source obtained from the diet. It is a universal process observed in all types of life forms. The glucose (chemical formula C6H12O6) molecules are the preferred raw material for cell respiration as it possesses a simple structure and is highly efficient in nature.
True or False? Intermediates in the glycolysis pathway can be a source of raw material if the cell wants to construct biological molecules such as triglycerides or amino acids, but the citric acid cycle cannot be used this way.
Anabolism is a process in which synthesis of complex molecules takes place when needed from the simpler ones.
Catabolism is a process in which the break down of complex molecules takes place into the simpler ones.
The amphibolic pathway is a pathway in which both anabolic and catabolic reactions take place as and when required by the cell.
Intermediate of cellular respiration can exit the pathway and can help to build other molecules like amino acids, and triglycerides.
In the case of glycolysis, some intermediates can help to produce molecules needed by cells are:-
- Glucose 6-phosphate exits the EMP pathway (glycolysis) and helps in the synthesis of nucleotides which are the constituent of the genetic material.
- Fructose 6- phosphate exits the EMP pathway and helps in the synthesis of amino sugars, glycolipids, and proteins.
- 3-phosphoglycerate exits the EMP pathway and helps in the synthesis of serine which is an amino acid.
- Phosphoenolpyruvate exits the EMP pathway and helps in the synthesis of amino acids and pyrimidines (thymine, cytosine, and uracil)
- Pyruvate helps in the synthesis of alanine which is an amino acid.
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