The oxidation of pyruvate produces carbon dioxide and water while liberating energy at a rate of 1142.2 kJ/mol. With the addition of electron transport, roughly 12.5 ATP molecules are created. The free energy required to hydrolyze ATP is 30.5 kJ/mol. What seems to be the apparent efficiency of ATP synthesis?
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The oxidation of pyruvate produces carbon dioxide and water while liberating energy at a rate of 1142.2 kJ/mol. With the addition of electron transport, roughly 12.5 ATP molecules are created. The free energy required to hydrolyze ATP is 30.5 kJ/mol. What seems to be the apparent efficiency of ATP synthesis?
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- The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)Under standard conditions, NADH reoxidation by the electron-transport chain has a free-energy change equal to –220 kJ/mol. With 100% efficiency, how many ATP could be synthesized under standard conditions? What is the "actual" efficiency given these numbers?Pyruvate oxidizes to form carbon dioxide and water and liberates energy at the rate of 1142.2 kJ/mol. If electron transport also occurs, approximately 12.5 ATP molecules areproduced. The free energy of hydrolysis for ATP is 230.5kJ/mol. What is the apparent efficiency of ATP production?
- Pyruvate oxidation yields carbon dioxide and water and liberates energy at the rate of 1142.2 kJ/mol. If electron transport also occurs, approximately 12.5 ATP molecules are produced. The free energy of hydrolysis for ATP is −30.5 kJ/mol. What is the apparent efficiency of ATP production?Concerning a single molecule of pyruvate, how many total protons are pumped through the electron transport chain by its complete oxidation? Enter numerical value.Maximal production of ATP from glucose involves the reactions of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. Which of these reactions requires O2, and why? Which, in certain organisms or physiological conditions, can proceed in the absence of O2?
- How many total moles of ATP are created in a cell with an ATP synthase with 8 c subunits for every 28 moles of glucose that is completely oxidized in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle? Assume that NADH is transported by the malate aspartate shuttle.It is estimated that each electron pair donated by NADH leads to the synthesis of approximately three ATP molecules, whereas each electron pair donated by FADH2 leads to the synthesis of approximately two ATP molecules. What is the underlying reason for the difference in yield for electrons donated by FADH2 versus NADH?Certain tissues, such as the heart muscle, can use lactate as an energy substrate. How much ATP is formed during the oxidation of one lactate molecule to CO2 and H2O? write the reactions of the complete oxidation of lactate.
- To reduce six molecules of carbon dioxide to one molecule of glucose via photosynthesis, how many molecules of NADPH and ATP are required?For the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule oxidized by aerobic respiration, we will assume that for each pair of electrons transferred to the electron transport chain by NADH, 3 ATP will be generated; for each electron pair transferred by FADH2, 2 ATP will be generated. If NADH is produced in the cytoplasm, it will only generate 2 ATP but NADH produced in the mitochondria will release 3 ATP. In a molecule of glucose, how many molecules of FADH2 will be produced? *How many total (NOT NET) molecules of ATP are synthesized from ADP via glycolysis of a single molecule of glucose? Explain by detailing the reactions (steps) involved.