Two brothers, Josh and Nathan, play a game in which actions are Left and Right. The payoff matrix is as follows. Nathan Left Right Josh Left 5,2 5,6 Right 2,4 3,6 What is the Nash equilibrium of this game? O A) (right, right) O B) This game has no Nash equilibrium. ) ( left, left) O D) (left, right)
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- What is the payoff for player 1 in the normal form game below: O. 3 O. 1 O. 0 O. 4Prove that in the variation on the centipede game given in figure 14.5(b) the unique sequential equilibrium described is, in fact, the unique Nash equilibrium. (Hint: Take some presumed Nash equilibrium and suppose information set 2n+ 1 [for player 2] is the first unreached information set. Derive an immediate contradiction. Then suppose that node (2n) t is the first unreached information set and derive a contradiction that is one degree removed from immediate.)Consider the following game: Player 2 In Out Player 1 In -2,-2 2, 0 Out 0, 2 0, 0 (a) What is the Nash equilibrium of this game, or what are the Nash equilibriaof this game? (b) Does either firm have a dominate strategy (a strategy that is always abest response)? Which? (c) Suppose Player 1 could move before Player 2 and Player 2 could observe Player 1’s move. What do you think would happen?
- 5 Suppose two players play one of the two normal-form games shown in Figure 1. L U 0,-1 D 2,4 R 2,0 6,0 L U | 4,-1 D 2,-2 R 2,0Now suppose that Player 2 knows which game is being played, but Player 1 does not. Find the pure strategy Bayesian Nash equilibrium of this game.For the operating systems game, let us now assume the intrinsic superiorityof Mac is not as great and that network effects are stronger for Windows.These modifications are reflected in different payoffs. Now, the payoff fromadopting Windows is 50 X w and from adopting Mac is 15 + 5 X m;n consumers are simultaneously deciding between Windows and Mac.a. Find all Nash equilibria.b. With these new payoffs, let us now suppose that a third option exists,which is to not buy either operating system; it has a payoff of 1,000.Consumers simultaneously decide among Windows, Mac, and nooperating system. Find all Nash equilibria.a) Find the Nash equilibria in the game (in pure and mixed strategies) and the associated payoffs for the players. b) Now assume that the game is extended in the following way: in the beginning Player 1 can decide whether to opt out (this choice is denoted by O) or whether to play the simultaneous-move game in a) (this choice is denoted by G). If Player 1 opts out (plays O) then both Player 1 and Player 2 get a payoff of 4 each and the game ends. If Player 1 decides to play G, then the simultaneous-move game is played. Find the pure-strategy Nash equilibria in this extended version of the game. (Hint: note that Player 1 now has 4 strategies and write the game up in a 4x2 matrix.) c) Write the game in (b) up in extensive form (a game tree). Identify the subgames of this game.
- The Nash equilibrium of the accompanying game is Player 1 Multiple Choice O O O (Y. B). (X, B). X Y Z (Z. C). Player 2 A 9, 8 5, 6 10, 9 none of the provided answers because there is no Nash equilibrium in this game. B 10, 12 12, 20 13, 4 C 3, 15 4, 10 8, 12True or False?: (Recall that a strategic game is called Dominance Solvable if and only if exactlyone action profile remains after iteratively eliminating all strictly dominated actions.)If a strategic game is dominance solvable, it can have at most one Nash equilibrium.Suppose O2 and Vodafone are the only two telecommunicationscompanies in UK. Both companies are considering whether ornot to stop offering unlimited data plans. Each company has twostrategies: stop or don’t stop. The first entry in the brackets is the payoffsof O2 and the second entry is the payoffs of Vodafone, both in $million.What will be the dominant strategies of O2 and Vodafone and what willbe the Nash equilibrium? Explain your answers.
- 4 Consider an extensive game where player 1 starts with choosing of two actions, A or B. Player 2 observes player 1’s move and makes her move; if the move by player 1 is A, then player 2 can take three actions, X, Y or Z, if the move by player 1 is B, then player 2 can take of of two actions, U or V. Write down all teminal histories, proper subhistories, the player function and strategies of players in this game.The extensive form of a game is drawn when O a) the players move sequentially. Ob) the players move simultaneously. O c) there is no Nash equilibrium. O d) there are multiple Nash equilibria. O e) the game is often repeated.Consider the following simultaneous move game: a. What is the maximum amount player 1 should be willing to pay for the opportunity to move first instead of moving at the same time as player 2? Explain carefully. b. What is the maximum amount player 2 should be willing to spend to keep player 1 from getting to move first?