(a) Consider a game with three players 1, 2 and 3. The players' sets of pure strategies are respectively S1 = {L, M, R}, S2 = {U, D}, S3 = {T, B}. In the box below are shown player l's payoffs to each of his three pure strategies conditional on the pure-strategy choices of players 2 and 3. These are shown in the form of triples (ul(L), ul(M), ul(R), so that, for example, the payoff to player 1 when he plays M, player 2 plays U and player 3 plays T is 1. T B U 6,1,0 | 0,4,6 D 6,4,0 0,1,6 (i) Show that for player 1 the pure stragegy M is not strictly dominated by either of the pure strategies L or R. Can M be strictly dominated by any mix of L and R?
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- Which one of the following descriptions is WRONG, according to this Extensive Form shown below? 1.) There are 8 strategy profiles in this game. 2.) If Player 1 chooses strategy IA and Player 2 chooses strategy O, then player 1's payoff will be 4. 3.) If Player 1 chooses strategy OB and Player 2 chooses strategy I, then Player 2's payoff will be 2. 4.) Game over if Player 1 chooses O initially.Two players bargain over 1 unit of a divisible object. Bargaining starts with an offer of player 1, which player 2 either accepts or rejects. If player 2 rejects, then player 1 makes another offer; if player 2 rejects once more, then player 2 makes an offer. If player 1 rejects the offer of player 2, then once more it is the turn of player 1 where he makes two consecutive offers. As long as an agreement has not been reached this procedure continues. For example, suppose that agreement is reached at period 5, it follows that player 1 makes offers in period 1,2 then player 2 makes an o er in period 3, then player 1 makes offers in 4,5. Negotiations can continue indefinitely, agreement in period 't' with a division (x, 1- x) leads to payoffs ( , (1-x)).(The difference from Rubinstein's alternating offer bargaining is that player one makes two consecutive offers, whereas player 2 makes a single offer in her turn.) a. Show that there is a subgame perfect equilibrium in which player 2's…Cameron and Luke are playing a game called ”Race to 10”. Cameron goes first, and the players take turns choosing either 1 or 2. In each turn, they add the new number to a running total. The player who brings the total to exactly 10 wins the game. a) If both Cameron and Luke play optimally, who will win the game? Does the game have a first-mover advantage or a second-mover advantage? b) Suppose the game is modified to ”Race to 11” (i.e, the player who reaches 11 first wins). Who will win the game if both players play their optimal strategies? What if the game is ”Race to 12”? Does the result change? c) Consider the general version of the game called ”Race to n,” where n is a positive integer greater than 0. What are the conditions on n such that the game has a first mover advantage? What are the conditions on n such that the game has a second mover advantage?
- Please no written by hand Which of the following statements is true? Group of answer choices In Nash equilibrium, players are playing the best response to each others’ strategies. In a prisoner’s dilemma game, both players will cooperate if the game is played repeatedly for 20 times. If the prisoner’s dilemma game is played repeatedly 20 times, we will get an efficient outcome. There is always at least one pure-strategy Nash equilibrium in any game. All the other choices areOne way of which has been proposed for sustaining high levels of contribution in voluntary contribution games is to allow participants to pay to punish free-riders. We believe that this is effective when A) Participants are not altruistic and so are willing to punish free riding. B) All of the other three statements are partial explanations, with participants being willing to punish free riding, potential free riders realising that adherence to the social norm is now the payoff maximising strategy, and the Nash equilibrium becoming adherence to the social norm. C) Participants who are tempted to reduce contributions anticipate future punishment and so conclude that they are better off maintaining contributions. D) Giving participants the ability to punish violation of a social norm means that adherence to the social norm becomes the Nash equilibrium of the game.The Nash equilibrium of the accompanying game is Player 1 Multiple Choice O O O (Y. B). (X, B). X Y Z (Z. C). Player 2 A 9, 8 5, 6 10, 9 none of the provided answers because there is no Nash equilibrium in this game. B 10, 12 12, 20 13, 4 C 3, 15 4, 10 8, 12
- Determine the optimum strategies and the value of the game with the followingpayoff matrix of player A where A1, A2 are the strategies for player A and B1, B2 are for player B.B1 B2A1 5 1A2 3 4Consider the charity auction. In many charity auctions, altruistic celebrities auction objects with special value for their fans to raise funds for charity. Madonna, for example, held an auction to sell clothing worn during her career and raised about 3.2 million dollars. In the charity auction the winner of the lot is the highest bidder. The difference with the standard auction is that all bidders are required to pay an amount equal to what they bid. Suppose there are two bidders and assume bidders have valuations randomly drawn from the interval [2, 4] according to the uniform distribution. 1. Derive the equilibrium bidding function. Hint: After getting the differential equation given by the FOC, propose a non-linear bidding function b(v) = α + βv2 as solution. Your task is to find α and β. 2. Derive the revenue of the seller in the charity auction. 3. Would the seller obtain higher profits if she organized a first-price sealed bid auction instead? A. Yes, higher revenue B. No, lower…Consider the following voting game. There are three players, 1, 2 and 3. And there are three alternatives: A, B and C. Players vote simultaneously for an alternative. Abstaining is not allowed. Thus, the strategy space for each player is {A, B, C}. The alternative with the most votes wins. If no alternative receives a majority, then alternative A is selected. Denote ui(d) the utility obtained by player i if alternave d {A, B, C} is selected. The payoff functions are, u1 (A) = u2 (B) = u3 (C) = 2 u1 (B) = u2 (C) = u3 (A) = 1 u1 (C) = u2 (A) = u3 (B) = 0 a. Let us denote by (i, j, k) a profile of pure strategies where player 1’s strategy is (to vote for) i, player 2’s strategy is j and player 3’s strategy is k. Show that the pure strategy profiles (A,A,A) and (A,B,A) are both Nash equilibria. b. Is (A,A,B) a Nash equilibrium? Comment.
- Suppose Company A is about to play a game with Company B. The following facts are known about the two players. The first Company (Company A) is a row player and uses three different strategies i.e. (Strategy X, Strategy Y and Strategy Z). Whereas the column player (Company B) has two different strategies i.e. (M and N) that can be used accordingly. The payoff matrix is given in the table below. Player B Player A M N X -5 3 Y 3 -7 Z -6 5 Answer the following questions based on the information given above a. Determine the strategies of each firm using graphical technique b. Compute the value of the game.Mohamed and Kate each pick an integer number between 1 and 3 (inclusive). They make their choices sequentially.Mohamed is the first player and Kate the second player. If they pick the same number each receives a payoff equal to the number they named. If they pick a different number, they get nothing. What is the SPE of the game? a. Mohamed chooses 3 and Kate is indifferent between 1, 2 and 3. b. Mohamed chooses 3 and Kate chooses 1 if Mohamed chooses 1, 2 if Mohamed chooses 2, and 3 if Mohamed chooses 3. c. Mohamed chooses 1 and Kate chooses 1 if Mohamed chooses 1, 2 if Mohamed chooses 2 and 3 if Mohamed chooses 3. d. Mohamed chooses 3 and Kate chooses 3.The first player can choose either U or D. If he chooses U, the second player has a choice of two strategies: L and R. If the second player moves L he obtains 1 and the first player gets 5. If the second player chooses R he obtains 2 units of payoff while the first player receives 1. Following a move D by the first player, both players engage in a simultaneous-move “Bach or Stravinsky” game (as it was described in class). Find the SPE of this game and write it down in a mixed and behavior form.