Uhderstanding (25 mins) mark if the statement is INCORRECT. 1. lonic bonds are usually composed of two nonmetals. 2. All elements follow the Octet rule. 3. Cations are usually involved in ionic bonding by donating its electrons. -*. Bonding electrons are pairs of valence electrons that are shared between atoms in a covalent bond. 5. Molecular compounds are built with ionic bond. 6. CaO have higher melting point compared with CO2. 7. Charges in the ion are placed as a subscript. 8. Lewis structure is represented by a + symbol. 9. Glucose is a molecular compound which means it can conduct electricity. 10. lons are the basic structural unit of ionic bond.
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- 1) What do you predict the average bond length and average bond energy values for the F-F bond based on the chart below? WIll it be higher than, lower than, or the same as the other bonds shown in the chart. Justify your answer. Bond Average Bond Length (PM) Average Bond Energy (KJ/MOLE) CL-CL 199 243 Br-Br 228 193 I-I 267 151 2) Explain how a stable covalent bond is formed in terms of attractive and repulsive forces. Note: Please briefly explain, Thank you.Steps for Lewis Structures: 1. Determine the total number of valence electrons. Add electrons for negative charges, subtract electrons for positive charges. 2. Place least electronegative atom (except H) as central atom in structure. 3. Connect atoms by singles bonds. Each single bond = 2 electrons. 4. “Sprinkle” remaining electrons around outside atoms first to complete octets. Don’t use more electrons than the total found in step 1. Then complete the central atom’s octet last if you have enough electrons. 5. Make double or triple bonds as needed to complete octets. 6. Place brackets and charge for ions. For the central atom in each formula, draw the Lewis Structure with all valence electrons shown. 1. PH3 2. H2O 3. CO2 4. CHCl3 5. O2 6. N2 7. CF4 8. C3H8 9. CH3COOH 10. N2O 11. OCN-Which statement about VSEPR theory is not correct? Select one: a. The molecular shape or geometry is determined by the positions of the lone pairs in the molecule. b. The steric number has five values from 2 to 6. c. The steric number of a central atom is the sum of the number of bonds around the atom plus the number of electrons in lone pairs pairs d. The electron-pair geometry is determined by the positions of the bonds and lone pairs in a molecule. e. In VSEPR theory, the shape or geometry of a molecule is determined by electron-electron repulsion.
- 1. For each molecule and ion below, indicate the total number of valence electrons. Based on that number of electrons, draw a valid Lewis structure.2. Use VSEPR theory to determine the electron arrangement and the geometry of the molecule around the central atom(s). A table of geometries is attached.3. Build the molecule using the molecular models provided in the lab. Sketch your model well enough to show the geometry. Include bond angles.4. Using your understanding of electronegativity and its trends in the Periodic Table, determine if polar bonds exist in the molecule.5. Using bond polarity and molecular shape, determine if the molecule has an overall dipole. If all the bonds are nonpolar, the molecule is nonpolar. If polar bonds are present, then consider the shape to determine if the molecule has an overall dipole.Carbon monoxide (CO) contains C-O bonds. Which if the following statements are true about the bonding electrons in this molecule? a.) The bonding electrons will spend more time around the C atom as it needs an octet of electrons more than the O atom b.) The bonding electrons will spend more time around the O atom as it attracts the electrons more strongly c.) The bonding electrons will be shared equally between C and O atoms d.) The bonding electrons will spend more time around the C atom as it attracts the electrons more stronglyPart A) Consider the structural changes that occur in the following molecules. Begin by drawing the best Lewis Structure for each of the following molecules. BH3 CH4 NH3 H2O HF Part B)What are the ideal bond angles for each structure, and which are expected to be distorted? For the ones that are distorted look up on the internet and record their experimental values here: Part C)According to Lewis and VSEPR theory, why do these changes occur?
- Assemble the molecule and answer the following items in this section Elements involved: 1 atom of A (central atom) = from Group IVA; not included in the expanded octet 2 atoms of X (attachment atom) = from Group VIIA; not included in the expanded octet 1 atom of Y (attachment atom) = from Group VIA; not included in the expanded octet The number of single bonds in this molecule is/are: The number of double bonds in this molecule is/are: The number of sigma bonds in this molecule is/are: The number of pi bonds in this molecule is/are: The number of lone pair/s in the central atom of this molecule is/are: The number of lone pair/s in the attachment atom Y of this molecule is/are: The molecular geometry of this molecule is: The bond angle between the bond pairs in this molecule is/are: The formal charge of the central atom is: The formal charge of the whole molecule is:Draw the Lewis structure for SeCI2 (selenium dichloride), then answer all of the following questions. For those questions in which a numerical response is required, express your answer with an integer (0, 1, 2, 3 etc.). a) Provide the symbol for the central element. This answer is case-sensitive. b) How many lone pair of electrons are surrounding the central element? c) How many lone pair of electrons in total are present in this molecule? d) How many non-bonding electrons are there in total in this molecule? e) How many electrons are being shared in total? f) How many single bonds are present in this molecule? g) How many double bonds are present in this molecule? h) How many triple bonds are present in this molecule?Calculate ∆S° for NH₃(g) + HCl(g) → NH₄Cl(s). NH3 192.5 HCl 186.7 NH4Cl 94.6
- how to do step-by-step Lewis structure for FeBr3Propylene, C3H6,C3H6, is a gas that is used to form the important polymer called polypropylene. Its Lewis structure is (a) What is the total number of valence electrons in the propylene molecule? (b) How many valence electrons are used to make σσ bonds in the molecule? (c) How many valence electrons are used to make ππ bonds in the molecule? (d) How many valence electrons remain in nonbonding pairs in the molecule? (e) What is the hybridization at each carbon atom in the molecule?1.1 Define electronegativity and explain why electronegativity increases with atomic number within a period of the Periodic Table. 1.2 Describe the type of bonding that exists in F2 (g) molecule. How does this type of bonding differ from that found in the HF (g) molecule? 1.3 Define hydrogen bonding using examples. 1.4 PH3 and NH3 moleculea are the same shape but the molecules are non-polar and polar respectively. Explain why this is so. 1.5 Give an example of molecule that has a coordinate covalent bond. 1.6 Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules of ions: a) HF3 b) CIO3-