Under symmetric information, competitive insurance markets would offer A) complete coverage to high and low risks but, respectively, with high and low premia. B) incomplete coverage to both high and low risks. C) complete coverage to high and low risks but, respectively, with low and high premia. D) complete coverage to low and incomplete coverage to high risks. E) complete coverage to high and incomplete coverage to low risks.
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- Suppose in a given state's new insurance marketplace, with community rating and no restrictions on who can buy at the community rate, the risk pool (distribution of expected health costs) is as follows: 30% of eligible enrollees' expected health costs = $1,000 (per year)65% of eligible enrollees' expected health costs = $2,0005% of eligible enrollees' expected health costs = $10,000 Now suppose one insurer, and one insurer only, were allowed to offer any premium it wanted to any potential buyer and to exclude those it did not want to cover? What premium would they likely charge and who would they sell to and who would they exclude? What would happen to the other insurers? Does this help you see why the ACA was written to apply to all insurers?The ability of insurance to spread risk is limited bya. risk aversion and moral hazard.b. risk aversion and adverse selection.c. moral hazard and adverse selection.d. risk aversion onlyIndicate whether the statement is true, false, or unclear, and justify your answer.Ex post risk is typically much lower than ex ante risk because uncertainty is largely eliminated by the purchase of an insurance contract.
- Indicate whether the statement is true or false, and justify your answer.Risk-averse consumers always prefer insurance that is actuarially fair but not full to full insurance that is actuarially unfair – but the opposite is true for risk-loving consumers.Suppose that there is a 20% chance Malik is injured and earns $100,000, and an 80% chance he stays healthy and will earn $500,000. Suppose further that his utility function is the following (utility = square root of income) Malik is risk ____. He will prefer ____ (given the same expected income). a. lover; actuarially fair and full insurance to no insurance b. averse; no insurance to actuarially fair and full insurance c. neutral; he will be indifferent between actuarially fair and full insurance to no insurance d. lover; no insurance to actuarially fair and full insurance e. averse; actuarially fair and full insurance to no insuranceTess and Lex earn $40,000 per year and all earnings are spent on consumption (c). Tess and Lex both have the utility function c. Both could experience an adverse event that results in earnings of $0 per year. Tess has a 1% chance of experiencing an adverse event and Lex has a 12% chance of experiencing an adverse event. Tess and Lex are both aware of their risk of an adverse event. 1. Suppose the actuarially fair premium charge is 2600, Calculate Tess’ expected utility with full insurance if she is charged the premium. Round to two decimal places. 2. What is the premium that private insurance companies will charge for full insurance? Round to two decimal places. 3.Assume the social welfare function is the sum of the Tess’ and Lex’s utility functions. Select the correct statement regarding the explanation for what has happened in the private market and the role of social insurance. a.Adverse section has lead to market failure. The government could improve social welfare by…
- Scenario 2 Tess and Lex earn $40,000 per year and all earnings are spent on consumption (c). Tess and Lex both have the utility function (sqrt c) . Both could experience an adverse event that results in earnings of $0 per year. Tess has a 1% chance of experiencing an adverse event and Lex has a 12% chance of experiencing an adverse event. Tess and Lex are both aware of their risk of an adverse event. Refer to Scenario 2 Suppose that insurance companies do not know specific probabilities of adverse events for Tess or Lex, but do know the average probability of an adverse event. If they assumed that both Tess and Lex purchase full insurance, what is the actuarially fair premium charged? Round to two decimal placesCan you answer part A and B please? I do not understand them. Thank you so much :) Part A. Suppose Rock earns $100,000 if he is healthy, and $80,000 if he falls ill. Suppose further that he has a 0.25% chance of falling ill. If Rock were to purchase full insurance, the payout would be equal to ____. The actuarially fair premium for this payout would be equal to ____. $100,000; $250 $50; $20,000 $70,000; $350 $20,000; $50 $350; $70,000 PART B: Suppose that there is a 20% chance Malik is injured and earns $100,000, and an 80% chance he stays healthy and will earn $500,000. Suppose further that his utility function is the following (utility = square root of income) �=������ Malik's utility if he earns $100,000 is ____ and his utility if he earns $500,000 is ____. Suppose that there is a 20% chance Malik is injured and earns $100,000, and an 80% chance he stays healthy and will earn $500,000. Suppose further that his utility function is the…Now consider a different insurance company that does not have the inclination to tailor contracts specifically to individuals. Instead, it will offer a “standard contract” with the premium r =$100 and payout q=$500 to anyone who will purchase it. a. Peter has healthy-state income IH = $500 and sick-state income IS = $0. He has probability of illness p=0.1. Is the standard contract fair and/or full for Peter? If he ends up getting sick, what will his final income be? b. Tim has IH = $500 and IS = $0, but a probability of illness p = 0.2, higher than Peter’s. Is the standard contract fair and/or full for Tim? How does purchasing the standard contract affect Tim’s expected income?c. Jay has IH =$1, 000 and IS =$0, with probability of illness p=0.2. Is the standard contract fair and/or full for Jay?d. Suppose there is a customer named Ronald for whom the standard contract is partial and actuarially unfair in the insurance company’s favor. Give a set of possible values for Ronald’s IH, IS,…
- Consider an individual whose utility function over income I is U(I), where U is increasing smoothly in I (U’ > 0) and convex (U” > 0). Draw a utility function in U - I space that fits this description. Explain the connection between U” and risk aversion. True or false: this individual prefers no insurance to an actuarially fair, full contract. Be sure to explain your answer.Individuals will prefer to fully insure against a potential adverse event if A. individuals are risk-loving and insurance is priced at an actuarially fair rate. B. individuals are risk-averse and insurance is priced at an actuarially fair rate. C. individuals are risk-loving and insurance is priced above the actuarially fair rate. D. individuals are risk-averse and insurance is priced above the actuarially fair rate.Let firms not have perfect information about the consumer's type; that is, they do not know if the consumer is a robust type or a frail type. Explain why a firm offering two insurance plans Omega1 and Omega3 is an equilibrium.