Vanadium tetrachloride (VCl4 ) is a bright red colored liquid with a vapor pressure of 5x10-2 torr at 298K. Briefly discuss why the standard state of VCl4 is a liquid and VCl2 is an ionic solid? How many microstates are in the gas phase V4+ free ion ground term and the V4+ free ion ground J state ?

Q: Which of the following processes is/are nonspontaneous at all temperatures? 1. An ionic compound…

A: Spontaneous process are those processes which has -ve value of ΔG i.e Gibbs free energy change of…

Q: A) Calculate the differences in the chemical potentials of ice and super-cooled water at -5.00 C…

A: Given: S°(H2O, s) = 48.0 J.mol-1.K-1 S°(H2O, l) = 70.0 J.mol-1.K-1 S°(H2O, g) = 188.8 J.mol-1.K-1…

Q: Which of the following statements must be true for the entropy of a pure solid to be zero? (i) The…

A: The entropy of substance measures the disorder arrangement of the constituent particles or the…

Q: The N2O mole cule has the structure NUNUO. In an ordered crystal of N2O, the mol e cules are lined…

A: To determine (a)  Calculate the number of microstates available to a ran­dom crystal of NA…

Q: The molar enthalpy of fusion of solid magnesium is 8.95 kJ mol-1, and the molar entropy of fusion is…

A: a) Since the Gibbs free energy change = ΔG is given by  ΔG = ΔH - TΔS ΔH = molar enthalpy of fusion…

Q: This question is about the process of forming diamond from graphite. For C(graphite) C(diamond) at…

A: The ∆Stotal for the for the forward reaction at constant temperature and pressure can be calculated…

Q: Determine the change in the entropy of the surroundings in J K1 mol 1 during VAPORIZATION of a…

A: The given reaction is : Temperature = 298 K Heat of vaporization = 14.0 kJ/mol Entropy of…

Q: For chromium, Cr, the heat of fusion at its normal melting point of 1857 °C is 14.6 kJ/mol.The…

A: GIVEN: Heat of fusion of Cr=14.6 KJ/molMelting point of Cr=1857 degree celsius.…

Q: The standard entropies at 298 K for certain group 4A elementsare: C(s, diamond) = 2.43 J/mol-K,…

A: The size of the elements increases from top to down in groups in the periodic table.  Even though…

Q: Consider the data in the table. Compound    Melting point (°C)     change in Hfus     Boiling point…

A: According to the question we have to find the entropy change ( ∆S ) for the HCl gas  Entropy change…

Q: Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) Thethird law of thermodynamics says that the…

A: The third law of thermodynamics states that entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero.…

Q: 2. Consider the following reaction at 298 K: N2 04(8) = 2NO2(g) Kp = 0.142 What is the standard free…

A:

Q: At what temperature, in °C, does a reaction having AH = +87.9 kJ/ mol and AS = +170.2 J/(mol·K)…

A: Please find the attached images for the answer.

Q: Explain the single criterion for a physical process to be classified as spontaneous.

A: Spontaneous processes are the changes occur without work to be done on the system and it occurs…

Q: 15. What is the entropy change for ice melting, given that the enthalpy of fusion is 6.02 kJ at…

A:

Q: For water, H2O, the heat of fusion at its normal melting point of 0 °C is 6.0 kJ/mol. The entropy…

A: The relationship between heat of fusion (∆Hfusion ) , entropy change (∆S) and melting point is  ∆S =…

Q: NH3 is an important molecule for a wide range of synthetic and agricultural applications. Under…

A: 1. ∆H0 (rxn) = 46 KJ/mol; ∆S0 (rxn) = 130 JK-1mol-1  2. The reaction is endothermic. 3. The would…

Q: A metal alloy melts with an enthalpy change of 75 kJ/mol and an entropy change of 133.0 J/K.mol.…

A: For the melting of alloy, Enthalpy change (∆H) = 75 kJ/mol…

Q: Give an example for each of the following and provide an explanation.   1. A spontaneous process 2.…

A: A spontaneous process is the process which takes place on its own without any external force.

Q: (b) Calculate the normal boiling point of compound X in °C. °C (c) Calculate the standard entropy of…

A:

Q: For the sublimation of iodine at 25°C I2(s) → I2(g) the values of ΔH° and ΔG° are, respectively, 62…

A: Given that: Reaction = I2(s) → I2(g) ∆H° = 62 kJ = 62000 J ∆G° = 19 kJ = 19000 J Temperature (T) =…

Q: Using the thermodynamic data provided below, determine the temperature in °K at which the…

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Q: The vaporization of methanol CH₃OH(l) ⇌ CH₃OH(g) is an endothermic process in which ∆Hvap = 37.4…

A: Given, vaporisation of methanol. CH₃OH(l) ⇌ CH₃OH(g) ∆Hvap = 37.4 kJ/mol ∆Svap = 111 J/mol･K.…

Q: Consider the vaporization of liquid water to steam at a pressure of 1 atm.In what temperature range…

A: vapourization in which the process in which the liquid to vapor phase. an endothermic reaction is a…

Q: The evaporation of one mole of water at 298 K has a standard free energy change of 8.58 kJ.H2O(l) ⇌…

A: a) The evaporation of water under standard thermodynamic conditions spontaneous has to be given,…

Q: Benzene is a liquid under standard conditions. The standard enthalpy and entropy changes for the…

A: The equation of Gibbs Helmholtz is mainly used to predict any particular liquid's boiling point (T).…

Q: becomes spontaneous

A: As we know,  □G° = □H° - T(□S°) For Spontaneous reaction,  □G° < 0 So,  0 < □H - T(□S°) □H°…

Q: Solid benzene melts at 28.35 °C when the pressure is 85.2 MPa. The molar volumes of solid and liquid…

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Q: At SATP, iodine boils at 183.0oC. The vapor pressure of the liquid at 392 K is  0.133 atm. If the…

A: Solution- Data given- Iodine (T) = 183.0oC=456K Pressure - 0.133 atm. =13476.22 Pa at 392 K molar…

Q: If a cube of ice at 0°C is placed outside on a warm summer day, the ice will melt spontaneously.…

A: Hey, since there are multiple questions posted, we will answer first question. If you want any…

Q: The molar heats of fusion and vaporization of benzene are 10.9 kJ/mol and 31.0 kJ/mol, respectively.…

A: Fusion is a process in which solid and liquid phase of substance are in equilibrium. The enthalpy…

Q: The phase change for benzene: C6H6(l) ó C6H6(g) absorbs 31.0 kJ/mol of heat from the surroundings.…

A:

Q: (a) For a process that occurs at constant temperature, doesthe change in Gibbs free energy depend on…

A: The Gibbs energy change can be defined by the expression as- ∆G=∆H-T∆S where ΔG: Gibbs Free Change…

Q: Certain compound has a melting point of 801°C and a boiling point of 1465°C. The entropy of fusion…

A: Initial temperature (melting) = 801°C + 273 = 1074 K Final temperature (boiling) = 1465°C + 273 =…

Q: The molar heats of fusion and vaporization of benzene are 10.9 kJ/mol and 31.0 kJ/mol, Calculate the…

A: Given data molar heats of fusion :  ∆Hfus=10.9 KJ/mole molar heats of vaporization : ∆Hv=31.0…

Q: The value of delta S (entropy) for the reaction Br2 (g) + Cl2(g) > 2BrCl(g) is 11J/K. Given that S…

A: ∆SReaction = ∆SProducts - ∆SReactants ∆SReaction = Entropy of the reaction = 112J/K for 1 mole of…

Q: The normal boiling point of Br21l2 is 58.8 °C, and its molar enthalpy of vaporization is ∆Hvap =…

A: It is given that the boiling point of Br2 (l) is 58.8°C, and the molar enthalpy of vaporization is…

Q: The melting point of tungsten, 3407°C, is the second highest among the elements. The enthalpy of…

A: Consider the given information is as follows; Melting point of tungsten (T) = 3407°C = 3407 + 273.15…

Q: Delta H degrees and Delta S degrees for a reaction are –11.7 kJ/mol and –105 J/mol K, respectively.…

A: ∆G° = ∆H° -T∆S°were,∆G° =Standard Gibb's free energty ∆H° = Standard enthapy changeT= Temeperature…

Q: the enthalpy change of the graphite diamond phase transition,which under 100 kbar occurs at 2000k is…

A: During the phase transition,   ∆G = change in Gibbs free energy = 0 We know that ,      ∆G=∆H-T∆S…

Q: Considering perfect gases, which state function is zero when two substances are mixed? Entropy Gibbs…

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Q: Using the following data, calculate the value of Ksp at 298 K for Sr(NO3)2, one of the common…

A: In this question, we will calculate the value of Ksp  How we can calculate, you can see details…

Q: Determine AG° for the phase change CO,(g) → CO,(aq) at 25°C. AH° = -19.4 kJ/mol AS° = +92.3 J/mol•K

A: The spontaneous nature of the reaction is determined by calculating the change of free energy of the…

Q: Use the data in the supporting materials to calculate the equilibrium constant (Kp) for the…

A: The solution is given in the following steps :

Q: Under suitable conditions the reaction 2NO(g) +N2O4(g) -> 2N2O3(g) can be studied in the gas…

A: Gibbs free energy of a reaction is : -------- (1) where, and

Q: 3. The enthalpy of fusion (enthalpy of melting) for elemental gallium is 5.61 kJ/mol, and its…

A: The entropy change for the reversible process is determined by:

Q: The vaporization of bromine requires 31.0 kJ/mol and has an increase in disorder (AS° = 93.0…

A: