If a cube of ice at 0°C is placed outside on a warm summer day, the ice will melt spontaneously.     What are the signs of ΔrH, ΔrS, and ΔrG for this process?  Why?    Estimate the boiling point of ethanol given the following thermodynamic parameters.       C2H5OH(l) C2H5OH(g)   ΔfH° (kJ/mol) –277.0 –235.3    S° (J/K-mol) 160.7 282.7   ΔfG° (kJ/mol) –174.7 –168.5   Estimate ΔG°rxn for the following reaction at 417 K given the following thermodynamic information.               HCN(g) + 2 H2(g) → CH3NH2(g) ΔH°=  -158.0 kJ;  ΔS°= -219.9  J/K                   PreviousNext

Q: Which one has a higher entropy? Explain briefly. MgC2(aq), NaCl(aq)

A: Entropy is a measure of the randomness of the system. The entropy of a system can be calculated by…

Q: 50. For the process O2(g) → 2 O(g), AH° = +498 kJ. What would be predicted for the sign of ASrxn and…

A: 50. The given process has a positive sign for enthalpy change. Hence, the process will be an…

Q: the following reaction 2 NO (g) +  O2 (g) -> 2 NO2 (g) Horxn = -12 kJ and Sorxn = -146 J/K. a.…

A: Given-> 2NO(g) + O2(g) ---> 2NO2(g) ∆H°rxn = -12 KJ = -12000 J (1 KJ = 1000J) ∆S°rxn = -146J/K…

Q: At what temperatures is the following process spontaneous at 1 atm? ΔH° = +20 kJ and ΔS° = - 50 J/K

A: The reaction is always non-spontaneous at all temperatures.

Q: For the reaction below, determine the difference in relevant particles that allow for determination…

A: To determine the difference in the relevant particles that allow for determination in the sign of…

Q: The thermal decomposition of molten sodium chloride into elemental gaseous sodium and elemental…

A: The thermal decomposition of molten sodium chloride into elemental gaseous sodium and elemental…

Q: For the reaction below, determine the difference in relevant particles that allow for determination…

A: Entropy is the change of degree of randomness in a system. If randomness increases, entropy…

Q: An ice cube at 0 Celcius melts when placed inside a room at 22 Celcius. Based on the concepts of…

A: Melting of ice requires energy to melt. So it is an endothermic process. The process in which energy…

Q: Calculate the entropy change, AS° for the following processes, a. vaporization of ethyl alcohol,…

A: Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness of a substance. Change in entropy is defined as the…

Q: The element oxygen was prepared by Joseph Priestley in 1774 by heating mercury(II) oxide:…

A: Entropy: Entropy determines spontaneity of process. Spontaneity means perform a process in a given…

Q: Q8. Melting ice represents a very interesting thermodynamic system. Which of the following is an…

A: In this question, we will Select the accurate conclusion which arising from the fact that ice melts…

Q: What is the ∆G° if ∆H° is +42.7 kJ and ∆S° is +88 J/K? (SHOW CALCULATIONS) b) Is it spontaneous?…

A: ∆H°=+42.7kJ =42.7 × 1000 = 42700joule ∆S°= +88J/K ∆G°=?

Q: 2 ClO2 (g)   +  2 TiCl4 (l)    →     2 TiO2 (s)   +   5 Cl2 (g)         Delta H =  – 343.8 kJ when…

A: Please have a look on the solutiion:

Q: 3. Consider the dissolution of NH,NO, in a chemical cold pack a. Is the process spontaneous? b. Is…

A: Those reaction in which energy is absorbed are known as the endothermic reactions while the…

Q: What are the signs of ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG for the spontaneous condensation of a vapor to a liquid?…

A: The reactions that occur on their own and do not need any external help for the reaction to take…

Q: If a particular reaction has   ΔrH = +30 kJ mol–1    and    ΔrS = –60 J K–1mol–1, when do you expect…

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Q: Consider the reaction2HBr(g) + Cl2(g)2HCl(g) + Br2(g)for which H° = -81.10 kJ and S° = -1.200 J/K at…

A: All feasible reactions occurring in nature are either enthalpy/entropy driven or both. When heat…

Q: An ice cube at 0 C melts when placed inside a room at 22 C (295 K). Based on the concepts of…

A: We need to identify the concept of spontaneity behind melting of ice according to thermodynamics.

Q: Calculate the temperature at which the reaction changes from a spontaneous to non-spontaneous…

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Q: Which of the following statements is true? Select one: The number of microstates,W, is the number of…

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Q: 2 O3(g) → 3 O2(g) ΔS∘∘ = 137.4 J/K; ΔH∘∘ = −285.4 kJ Calculate ΔG∘∘ at 55°C and determine…

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Q: At what temperature would you expect a reaction to become spontaneous that has ΔH=234 kJ and ΔS=234…

A: Given that, for a given reaction, the enthalpy changes and entropy changes as follows --- Enthalpy…

Q: Given the particulate models here that depict Cu in solid form, Br2 in liquid form, and He in…

A: The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between ΔS, ΔH and ΔG with Temperature.…

Q: From your knowledge of microstates and the structure of liquid water, explain the difference in…

A: Finding: Microstates To find Structure of liquid water

Q: 1. Predict whether the following processes are spontaneous, are spontaneous in the reverse or are in…

A: Spontaneous process is the process which takes its own.i.e process which doesn't required any…

Q: For the following reaction: SO2 (g)_± ½ O2(g)→ SO3(g) For this reaction to be spontaneous, what must…

A:

Q: The element oxygen was prepared by Joseph Priestley in 1774 by heating mercury(II) oxide: HgO(s) →…

A: Given chemical equation:  HgO(s) ------> Hg(l) + 1/2O2(g) For a reaction to be spontaneous,…

Q: 5. The entropy change of the process H2O (s) H2O () is 22 J/K at 0 °C. Calculate the enthalpy of…

A: H2O(s)↔H2O(l)∆H=22J/KT=0∘C=0+273K=273K∆S=∆HT

Q: Suppose a reaction has DH > 0 and DS > 0; that is, both enthalpy and entropy changes have positive…

A: The Gibbs-Helmholtz equation is: ∆G = ∆H - T∆S.  If ∆G is negative then the reaction will be…

Q: At what temperatures is the following process spontaneous at 1 atm? ΔH° = +20 kJ og/and ΔS° = - 50…

A: The spontaneous nature of the reaction is determined by calculating the change of free energy of the…

Q: From the values of ΔH and ΔS, predict which of the following reactions would be spontaneous at 25°C:…

A: The spontaneous nature of the reaction is determined by calculating the change of free energy of the…

Q: Consider the reaction2HBr(g) + Cl2(g)= 2HCl(g) + Br2(g)for which H° = -81.10 kJ and S° = -1.200 J/K…

A: 1) since  S° = -1.200 J/K for the reaction of 2 moles of HBr  Hence for the reaction of 1 mole of…

Q: What are the signs of ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG for the spontaneous conversion of a crystalline solid into a…

A: Conversion of a crystalline solid into gas requires addition of energy.  A reaction that absorbs…

Q: 2. SO2(g) + O2(g), AH°25°C = +99.2 kJ and AS°25°C = +93.94 J/K. Is the reaction spontaneous at 25°C?…

A: The question is based on the concept of spontaneity of the reaction. if Gibbs free energy change of…

Q: Given the particulate models here that depict Cu in solid form, Br2 in liquid form, and He in…

A: The change in entropy of copper when converted to a gas :Given:S° for Cu(s) = 33.2 J/(mol•K)S° for…

Q: What should be the sign of EMF for the reaction to be considered spontaneous? Why?

A: The Gibbs free energy for a spontaneous reaction has a negative sign. ∆G = -ve for spontaneous…

Q: For a particular reaction, AH° = 20.1 kJ/mol and AS° = 45.9 J/(mol·K). Assuming these values change…

A: Answer:- This question is answered by using the simple concept of spontaneity of the reaction which…

Q: Given the particulate models here that depict Cu in solid form, Br2 in liquid form, and He in…

A: The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between ΔS, ΔH and ΔG with Temperature.…

Q: Which of the following processes is both exothermic (at 1 atm) and spontaneous? A) Sublimation of…

A: The process which is both exothermic and spontaneous is condensation of water at 99.5°C.

Q: .) Which of the following processes are spontaneous and which are nonspontaneous: (a) the ripening…

A: The following processes are spontaneous, and which are (a) the ripening of a banana, (b)…

Q: ΔHorxn = 102 kJ and ΔSorxn = 299 J K-1. Determine the minimum temperature (in K) at which the…

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Q: Given the particulate models here that depict Cu in solid form, Br2 in liquid form, and He in…

A: The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between ΔS, ΔH and ΔG with Temperature.…

Q: What is the sign of the change in entropy of: Heating liquid water to its boiling point

A: Given  sign of the change in entropy of: Heating liquid water to its boiling point

Q: Given the data below, calculate the temperature at which the reaction becomes spontaneous: N2 (g) +…

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Q: At what temperatures will the following processes be spontaneous?    ΔH= -18 kJ and ΔS= 65 J/K

A: Given: the value of enthalpy change (∆H) = -18 KJ The value of entropy change (∆S) = 65 J/K For a…

Q: If a process is exothermic and not spontaneous, then what must not be true? a) AG>0 b) AH0 d) AS<0

A: For exothermic process, ΔH &lt; 0 For non spontaneous process, ΔG &gt; 0

Q: Without doing any calculations or using Sf data, arrange each group in order of increasing entropy.…

A: Always a gaseous (vapor) substance of same material have highest entropy compare to its liquid and…

Q: Methanol, CH3OH , is formed from methane and water in a two‑step process. Step 1:…

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Q: The enthalpy and entropy changes for a reaction at 298 K are ∆H = 46 kJ and ∆S = 190 J/K. Which of…

A: Spontaneity of any reaction is defined by the value of ΔG of the reaction. The reaction will be…

Q: Which are spontaneous at all temperatures? Choose one or more: 2H,S(g) + 302(8) –→ 2H,0(g) + SO,(g)…

A: