water using concurrent exchange, rather
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- 3.Explain countercurrent flow. How does it help make the fish gill the most efficient respiratory organ? 4.In what form does most of the carbon dioxide travel in the blood? How and where is this molecule produced?1) "Compared to those of similarly sized birds and lizards, the kidneys of mammals ______." A) "Compared to those of similarly sized birds and lizards, the kidneys of mammals ______." B) have a larger renal cortex but a smaller renal medulla C) have lower concentration of urea in their renal medulla D) have higher concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in their renal medullaL#2 How does the bicarbonate buffer system of the mammalian blood plasma function?
- 5) Arman weighs 130 kg. Assume his total blood volume is 12%, his heart pumps his total blood volume within 90 seconds, and his renal blood flow is 20% of his cardiac output. Calculate the volume of blood that flows through Arman's kidneys each minute.1) A diver decides to take a balloon with him on a scuba diving excursion to a depth of 10m. The size (volume) of the balloon would _____. A) remain the same throughout the dive B) decrease on the way down and return to its original size on the way back up C) increase on the way down and shrink back to its original size on the way back up 2) How does the size of the air bladder compare between freshwater and salt water fish? A) freshwater fish have larger air bladders because they need to be less dense B) freshwater fish have smaller air bladders because they need to be less dense C) saltwater fish have larger air bladders because they need to be less dense D) freshwater and salt water fish have the same size air bladders because the air bladders play no role in osmoregulation or maintaining salt balance 2) Physoclistous fish fill their air bladders by _____. A) going to the surface and gulping air B) using the carbon dioxide that they produce through aerobic metabolism C)…10. Why is a countercurrent exchange system a good one to use for exchanging material between an organism's blood and the external environment? A) Because this type of system has the 2 materials flowing in the same direction so that there is always a concentration gradient B) Because this type of system is the only way to obtain sufficient oxygen when using air as a respiratory medium C) Because this type of system is less efficient because it can move a large amount of material with very little energy. D) None of the above E) Because this type of system has the two materials flowing in opposite directions so that there is always a concentration gradient.
- Countercurrent flow of water and blood increases the efficiency of gas exchange in ______. a. fishes c. birds b. amphibians d. all of the aboveIn the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism, ________. decreased blood pressure prompts the release of renin from the liver aldosterone prompts increased urine output aldosterone prompts the kidneys to reabsorb sodium all of the aboveReptiles and birds excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid. Is there an advantage to doing this as opposed to the mammalian process of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea?
- 8. Explain how does Ohm’s law relates to our Core Concept of flow down gradients in physiology7. What physiological effect do drugs that inhibit ACE have? A. They stimulate formation of angiotensin II leading to release of ADH and aldosterone and widespread vasoconstriction B. They decrease blood pressure by inhibiting formation of angiotensin II C. They increase blood pressure by stimulating formation of angiotensin II D. They cause release of aldosterone E. They stimulate the release of ADH F. They cause widespread vasoconstriction This is not and will not be graded1. The primary function of the mammalian urinary system is to regulate the water-solute balance, commonly known as A. osmoregulation.B. homeostasis.C. metabolism.D. physiology 2. Choose what happens during inhalation, A. Lung volume increases as the rib muscle and diaphragm relaxB. Rib cage move out and up, the diaphragm flattens and moves downwardC. Air pressure inside the lungs increases and up above the air outside the bodyD. Air forces up from the breathing tube and rushes out through nostrils and mouth 3.