Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 17RQ
In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism, ________.
- decreased blood pressure prompts the release of renin from the liver
- aldosterone prompts increased urine output
- aldosterone prompts the kidneys to reabsorb sodium
- all of the above
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Which of the following is a cause of metabolicacidosis?a. excessive HCl lossb. increased aldosteronec. diarrhead. prolonged use of diuretics
Which of the following stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water to correct the problem of low blood volume?
Group of answer choices
Both vasopressin and aldosterone
Vasopressin (ADH)
Aldosterone
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Which of the following are an effect of angiotensin II production?
Select all that apply.
Group of answer choices
ADH release
Rise in blood pressure
Aldosterone release
Vasodilation
Chapter 20 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 20 - Watch this video...Ch. 20 - Listen to this CDC podcast...Ch. 20 - The endothelium is found in the ________. tunica...Ch. 20 - Nervi vasorum control ________. vasoconstriction...Ch. 20 - Closer to the heart, arteries would be expected to...Ch. 20 - Which of the following best describes veins? thick...Ch. 20 - An especially leaky type of capillary found in the...Ch. 20 - In a blood pressure measurement of 110/70, the...Ch. 20 - A healthy elastic artery ________. is compliant...Ch. 20 - Which of the following statements is true? The...
Ch. 20 - Slight vasodilation in an arteriole prompts a...Ch. 20 - Venoconstriction increases which of the following?...Ch. 20 - Hydrostatic pressure is ________. greater than...Ch. 20 - Net filtration pressure is calculated by ________....Ch. 20 - Which of the following statements is true? In one...Ch. 20 - Clusters of neurons in the medulla oblongata that...Ch. 20 - In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism,...Ch. 20 - In the myogenic response, ________. muscle...Ch. 20 - A form of circulatory shock common in young...Ch. 20 - The coronary arteries branch off of the ________....Ch. 20 - Which of the following statements is true? The...Ch. 20 - Arteries serving the stomach, pancreas, and liver...Ch. 20 - The right and left brachiocephalic veins ________....Ch. 20 - The hepatic portal system delivers blood from the...Ch. 20 - Blood islands are ________. clusters of...Ch. 20 - Which of the following statements is true? Two...Ch. 20 - The ductus venosus is a shunt that allows...Ch. 20 - Arterioles are often referred to as resistance...Ch. 20 - Cocaine use causes vasoconstriction. Is this...Ch. 20 - A blood vessel with a few smooth muscle fibers and...Ch. 20 - You measure a patients blood pressure at 130/85....Ch. 20 - An obese patient comes to the clinic complaining...Ch. 20 - A patient arrives at the emergency department with...Ch. 20 - True or false? The plasma proteins suspended in...Ch. 20 - A patient arrives in the emergency department with...Ch. 20 - Nitric oxide is broken down very quickly after its...Ch. 20 - Identify the ventricle of the heart that pumps...Ch. 20 - What organs do the gonadal veins drain?Ch. 20 - What arteries play the leading roles in supplying...Ch. 20 - All tissues, including malignant tumors, need a...Ch. 20 - Explain the location and importance of the ductus...
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- As the text noted, two-thirds of the water and solutes that the body reclaims by reabsorption in nephrons occurs in the proximal tubule. Proximal tubule cells have large numbers of mitochondria and demand a great deal of oxygen. Explain why.arrow_forwardFatty tissue holds the kidneys in place. Extremely rapid weight loss may cause this tissue to shrink so that the kidneys slip from their normal position. On rare occasions, the slippage can put a kink in one or both ureters and block urine flow. Suggest what might then happen to the kidneys.arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forward
- Reabsorption depends on _________. a. osmosis across the nephron wall b. active transport of sodium across the nephron wall c. a steep solute concentration gradient d. all of the abovearrow_forwardWhen a patient is treated with a drug that counteracts the effect of aldosterone (aldosterone antagonist), which of the following parameters are likely to fall? Sodium excreted in the urine Blood volume Urine volume Plasma potassium concentration Blood viscosityarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a function of the excretory system? * Filtration of wastes from the blood. Secretion of ADH from the collecting duct. Maintaining pH balance by secretion of H+ ions. Osmoregulation via sweating. Releasing carbon dioxide waste from the lungs.arrow_forward
- Nearly all renal diseases result in hypertension. In fact, some clinicians have a 'rule' that states "unexplained hypertension is always a result of a problem with the kidneys until proven otherwise". Briefly explain why hypertension occurs in renal disease.arrow_forwardPut these steps of the control of blood pressure in the right order: ________________________ angiotensin I made by the liver ________________________ renin made by the kidney ________________________ juxtaglomerular apparatus indicates a blood pressure drop ________________________ angiotensin II made by the lungs ________________________ blood pressure rises ________________________adrenal cortex makes aldosteronearrow_forwardIs this following statement correct? In the kidney, vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole increases glomerular filtration rate, because hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries increases (much like putting your thumb over the end of a garden hose increases the pressure and causes the water to exit the hose with greater velocity and travel a greater distance).arrow_forward
- Explain the role of renin-angiotensin - aldosterone pathway in restoring blood pressure and fluid balance. Include the stimulus for release, the pathway that is involved, and the physiological effects of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Answer should include: Identify stimulus/change that starts the pathway (i.e. Identify the direction of change IN BP or circulating fluid status) What happens in the juxtaglomerular cells? Clue: what stimulus causes the release of renin? Explain action of renin - what protein does it act on? What is it converted to? Which enzymes converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2? What are the actions of angiotensin 2? Clue: stimulates adrenal context to produce what? And what effect does angiotensin 2 have on blood vessels? What causes reabsorption of Na into blood ? What effect does this have on blood volume? How is BP restored ? Explain how this relates to equation for BP ( BP= CO x TPR)arrow_forwardA 65-year-old male patient is prescribed an ACE ( Angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor (Benazepril ) for the treatment of hypertension. Which statement below is incorrect? Angiotensin II causes constriction of the vessels and triggers the release of aldosterone. ACE Inhibitors prevent Angiotensinogen I from converting to Angiotensin II. Kidneys will excrete water and potassium. This medication will lower SVR (systemic vascular resistance) and blood pressure.arrow_forwardGive the flowchart and show how Renin angiotensin aldosterone system works? Please draw at your own wordsarrow_forward
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