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What are the commonly used methods for the determination of urea, uric acid, creatinine, creatine,
and ammonia in plasma and urine. What interferences might affect the interpretation of the results of these assays and how can they be mitigated? Identify sources of error and variability in these methods and describe the effects on the clinical utility of the laboratory measurements.
Kindy insert your references here. Thank you!
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- The Benzodiazepines test device is a qualitative, preliminary test which would be able to detect whether Benzodiazepines are present in the urine specimen at the cut-off concentration of 300 ng/mL. Is it possible to have a urine specimen which was interpreted as POSITIVE using the Benzodiazepines test device to be interpreted as NEGATIVE by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry? Justify your answer. A study was conducted by the manufacturer of the benzodiazepines test device to determine whether some compounds would have cross-reactivity at levels of 100µg/mL. List down examples of non cross-reacting compoundsWhat is the significance of testing the presence of other reducing sugars in urine of pediatric patients?In detection of Bile Salts in urine, what are the mechanisms, reactions, possible results and interpretation in Smith's test and Pettenkofer's test
- A gel filtration column was calibrated by measuring elution volumes for two proteins of known mass: glutamate dehydrogenase, 290 kDa with elution volume 20.8 mL; serum albumin, 37 kDa with elution volume 42.5 mL Use these values to determine the equation of the straight line graph that relates log molar mass to elution volume. The elution volume of an unknown protein was 32.2 mL. Use the equation just determined above to estimate the molar mass of the protein in kDa units. Don't round your answer until the end to ensure your answer is within the accepted range. Round your answer to the nearest whole number (e.g. If you calculated 27.52, input your answer as 28).Covid-19 patients may develop acute pulmonary edema (fluid retention in the lungs), and furosemide is often used to treat it. Another potential complication of covid-19 is acute kidney damage. Possible causes include hypoxia, blood clots and inflammation. To evaluate a patient for kidney damage, a medical team took blood samples and placed a catheter to collect urine for 24 hrs. Here are some results: Plasma creatinine: 50 mg/100 mL plasma Urine creatinine: 40.8 mg/mL urine Urine production: 1.5 L in 24 hr 1. What is the patient's approximate GFR (in mL/min)?Refer to the chromatograph (Figure 1) below and answer the questions that follow: What is the volumetric flow rate of the column? What type of compound is likely to be found in peak B? Explain. What possible buffer changes could the researcher have applied at the 30ml mark? Explain. How would one avoid cross-contamination when using this type of purification
- Can you please provide steps for how to answer the following? This is not a graded question, it's just for practice and will give me no credit. The concentration of the glucose stock solution in bottle is 50 uM. If you take 25 ml out of the above stock solution and add it to a test tube containing the following reagents 5 ml of water, 10 ml of cofactor and 10 ml of buffer. What will be the final concentration of glucose in the test tube? a. 0.015 mM b. 0.020 mM c. 0.025 mM d. 0.035 mM e. none.A uremic patient has a urine output of 1.8 L/24 h and an average creatinine concentration of 2.2 mg/dL. What is the creatinine clearance? How would you adjust the dose of a drug normally given at 20 mg/kg every 6 hours in this patient (assume the urine creatinine concentration is 0.1 mg/mL and creatinine clearance is 100 mL/min)?Urine and blood samples were taken from four different patients and analyzed with the following results. Control Edward Taylor Ariana Perry Presence of Sodium in Urine Blue Blue Orange Blue Blue Presence of Ketone in Urine Pale Pink Pink Pale Pink Pale Pink Pale Pink Urine Glucose Levels (mmol/L) 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 Blood Glucose Levels (mmol/L) 5.6 8.4 5.2 6.1 9.6 Additional Note None Sweet smelling urine None Large urine output Sweet smelling urine Based on the results obtained from the tests above, determine the condition for each patient. PATIENT NAME CONDITION EDWARD TAYLOR ARIANA PERRY
- If a patient collects a 24 hour urine specimen with a volume of 1500 mL, and the patient's serum Creatinine is 5 mg/dl, and the urine creatinine is 100 mg/dl, then what is the creatinine clearance in ml/min?Discuss one of the following conditions and what you would expect for urinalysis results and why (cover all variables measured on a standard urine test strip, even if they do not change) diabetics mellitus diabetes insipidus glomerulonephritisHemodialysis is a process by which a machine is used to filter urea and other waste products from an individual’s blood when the kidneys fail. The concentration of urea in the blood is often modeled as exponential decay by the following function: −Kt c(t)=c0e V where K is the mass transfer coefficient (in mL/min), c(t) is the urea concentration in the blood at time t (in mg/mL) and V is the blood volume., and c0 is the initial concentration at time t = 0. Answer the following questions:(a) How long should a patient be put on dialysis to reduce the blood urea concentration from an initial value of 1.65 mg/mL to 0.60 mg/mL, given that K = 340 mL/min and V = 32, 941 mL? b) Derive a general formula for the dialysis time T , in terms of the initial urea concentration c0 and he target urea concentration c (T ) (c) The quantity Kt, is sometimes used as a measure of dialysis treatment adequacy. What are its V units and explain what does this quantity represent?