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- The Overall Free Energy Change for Photosynthetic NADP+ Reduction What is the overall free energy change (G) for noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport? 4 (700-nm photons) + 4 (680-nm photons) + 2 H2O + 2 NADP+O2 + 2 NADPH + 2H+P700* Has the Most Negative Standard Reduction Potential Found in Nature In photosystem I. P700 in its ground state has an = +04 V. Excitation of P700 by a photon of 700-nm light alters The of P700* to -0.6 V. What is the efficiency of energy capture in this light reaction of P700?Oxygenic photosynthesis in eukaryotes (in the chloroplasts of green algae and green plants) consumeswhich of the following substrate molecules (to generate glucose, water, and oxygen product molecules)?A. C12H22O11 + H2OB. C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2OC. 6CO2 + 12H2OD. C6H12O6 + C6H12O6E. 6CO2 + 12H2S
- As you now know all reaction centers are 1 electron transfer steps however oxygen evolution requires 4 distinct oxidation steps to split water. Describe what needed to happen to make the evolutionarily older Type II reaction center found in the purple anoxygenic bacteria capable of becoming the very strong oxidant found in P680. Consider both the pigments, the PSII protein structure, and additional co-factorsElectron transfer pathway (ETP) plays a major role to produce ATP. Discuss themechanism in ETP using mobile electron carriers in the series of oxidation reductionreaction.Using a generalized terminology (i.e. neither CIII nor CIV specific), explain how complex III and IV act as electron/proton charge separation device (not a proton pump) in mitochondria bioenergetics to create electron potential through the iner mitochondria membrane
- Normally, the flow of electrons to O2 is tightlylinked to the production of ATP via the electrochemicalgradient. If ATP synthase is inhibited, for example, elec-trons do not flow down the electron-transport chain andrespiration ceases. Since the 1940s, several substances—such as 2,4-dinitrophenol—have been known to uncou-ple electron flow from ATP synthesis. Dinitrophenol wasonce prescribed as a diet drug to aid in weight loss. Howwould an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation pro-mote weight loss? Why do you suppose dinitrophenol isno longer prescribed?The Q cycle is one of the hallmark features in the light reaction. Please describe what is Q cycle, why it is important and how many protons are moved in a complete Q cycle when 1 H2O molecule gets oxidized.The fi rst organisms on earth may have been chemoautotrophs in which the citric acid cycle operated in reverse to “fix” atmospheric CO2 in organic compounds. Complete a catalytic cycle that begins with the hypothetical overall reaction succinate + 2CO2 → citrate.
- The reduction potentials of iron in each of the cytochromes in the electron transport complexesvary from 0.The reduction potentials of iron in each of the cytochromes in the electron transport complexes vary from 0.1 V to 0.39 V. Explain why these different values are necessary for the operation of this processLess energetic electrons. Why are electrons carried by FADH 2 not as energy rich as those carried by NADH? What is the consequence of this difference?choose correct letter and explain why you choose it 1.Which of the following terms is closest to our current understanding of enzyme function? a. Fluid mosaic model b. Induced fit model c. Lock and key model d. Cofactor e. Free energy 2. If a hypothetical chloroplast has only photosystem I, then the Calvin cycle a. can proceed as normal b. cannot proceed because only NADPH is produced c. cannot proceed because only ATP is produced d. cannot proceed because it depends on light e. cannot proceed because O2 cannot be produced from carbon dioxide