Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 18P
The Overall Free Energy Change for Photosynthetic NADP+ Reduction
What is the overall free energy change (
4 (700-nm photons) + 4 (680-nm photons) + 2 H2O + 2 NADP+
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A substantial amount of energy is put into the photosynthetic electron transport to extract electronsf from water and to elevate the energy level of ferredoxin to a very strong reductant. The amount of energy in one NADPH is 218 kJ.mol-1.
What is the percentage of this energy conserved in NADPH for the production of one mole of oxygen?
What happened to the rest of the energy?
The net equation for oxidative phosphorylation can be written as 2NADH + 2 H+ + O2 →2 H2O + 2 NAD+. Write an analogous equation for the light reactions of photosynthesis.
What is midpoint potential of redox active centers in photosynthetic organisms? What factors affect this?
Also how does charge become offset during water oxidation rxns?.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 21 - P700* Has the Most Negative Standard Reduction...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2PCh. 21 - Prob. 3PCh. 21 - Prob. 4PCh. 21 - The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in...Ch. 21 - pH and in the Chloroplast Proton-Motive Force...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7PCh. 21 - Prob. 8PCh. 21 - Prob. 9PCh. 21 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 21 - Tracing the Fate of CO2 During Photosynthesis...Ch. 21 - Prob. 12PCh. 21 - Prob. 13PCh. 21 - The Source of the Oxygen Atoms in Photosynthetic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 15PCh. 21 - Prob. 16PCh. 21 - Prob. 17PCh. 21 - The Overall Free Energy Change for Photosynthetic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 19PCh. 21 - Prob. 20PCh. 21 - Prob. 21P
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- The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)arrow_forwardIdentify the oxidized and reduced forms of the following pairs: O2/H2O NO2- / NO3- NADP+ / NADPH FMN / FMNH2 α-ketoglutarate / isocitrate ___________________________________________________________________________ In photosynthesis, where in the chloroplast does the accumulation of protons occur as a result of the electron transport? Is this answer lumen of thylakoids?arrow_forwardIt is believed that the ratio of cyclic photophosphorylation to noncyclic photophosphorylation changes in response to metabolic demands. In each of the following situations, would you expect the ratio to increase, decrease, or remain unchanged? (a) Chloroplasts carrying out both the Calvin cycle and the reduction of nitrite (NO2 -) to ammonia (This process does not require ATP.) (b) Chloroplasts carrying out not only the Calvin cycle but also extensive active transport (c) Chloroplasts using both the Calvin cycle and the C4 pathwayarrow_forward
- Which of the following scenarios does not occur during the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle? Hide answer choices Each molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate is phosphorylated by ATP to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Each molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is reduced to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by the addition of two electrons from NADPH. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted into Ribulose bisphosphate. Some of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate molecules are used in carbohydrate production.arrow_forwardIn cyclic photophosphorylation, it is estimated that two electrons must bepassed through the cycle to pump enough protons to generate one ATP.Assuming that the ∆G for hydrolysis of ATP under conditions existing inthe chloroplast is about -50 kJ/mol, what is the corresponding percent efficiency of cyclic photophosphorylation, using light of 700 nm?arrow_forwardPyruvate oxidizes to form carbon dioxide and water and liberates energy at the rate of 1142.2 kJ/mol. If electron transport also occurs, approximately 12.5 ATP molecules areproduced. The free energy of hydrolysis for ATP is 230.5kJ/mol. What is the apparent efficiency of ATP production?arrow_forward
- It is believed that the ratio of cyclic photophosphorylation to noncyclicphotophosphorylation changes in response to metabolic demands. Ineach of the following situations, would you expect the ratio to increase,decrease, or remain unchanged?(a) Chloroplasts carrying out both the Calvin cycle and the reduction ofnitrite (NO2-) to ammonia (This process does not require ATP.)(b) Chloroplasts carrying out not only the Calvin cycle but also extensiveactive transport(c) Chloroplasts using both the Calvin cycle and the C4 pathwayarrow_forwardIn cyclic photophosphorylation, it is estimated that two electrons must be passed through the cycle to pump enough protons to generate one ATP. Assuming that the ΔG for hydrolysis of ATP under conditions existing in the chloroplast is about -50 kJ/mol, what is the corresponding percent efficiency of cyclic photophosphorylation, using light of 700 nm?arrow_forwardPyruvate oxidation yields carbon dioxide and water and liberates energy at the rate of 1142.2 kJ/mol. If electron transport also occurs, approximately 12.5 ATP molecules are produced. The free energy of hydrolysis for ATP is −30.5 kJ/mol. What is the apparent efficiency of ATP production?arrow_forward
- Comparing photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport one notices key similarities as well as key differences. In which of the following ways is the two electron transport chains similar? 1. In both, electrons flow from a more negative to a more positive redox potential. 2. They both contain supermolecular complexes that hold redox-active cofactors. 3. They both can be uncoupled from ATP generation by the addition of chemical uncouplers. 4. The final product of both electron transport chains is an energy rich metabolite. A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.arrow_forwardGiven an equal amount of photons, what is the order of increasing effectiveness of blue, red, green, and white light (combination of the three main wavelengths) on photosynthetic activity?arrow_forwardWrite the overall net reaction for photosyynthetic Co2 fixation. (Take into account both light and cark reaction of photosynthesis?)arrow_forward
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