What is the central bank's objective in stressing that it intends to keep short-term interest rates low for several years? d. How well does the empirical evidence support the expectations theory of the term structure?
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- Suppose a given country experienced low and stableinflation rates for quite some time, but then inflation picked up and over the past decade had beenrelatively high and quite unpredictable. Explain howthis new inflationary environment would affect thedemand for money according to portfolio theories ofmoney demand. What would happen if the governmentdecided to issue inflation-protected securities?Suppose the money demand function is = 1000 + 0.2Y - 1000 (r + πe). Required (a.) Calculate velocity if Y = 2000, r = 0.06, and πe = 0.04. (b.) If the money supply (Ms) is 2600, what is the price level? (c.) Now suppose the real interest rate rises to 0.11, but Y and Ms are unchanged. What happens to velocity and the price level? (d.) For part (c.), if the nominal interest rate were to rise from 0.10 to 0.15 over the course of a year, with Y remaining at 2000, what would the inflation rate be?What is rational expectation? Explain why rational expectation impliesa steeper short run aggregate supply curve. Using this to evaluate theeffectiveness of this expansionary monetary policy in tackling therecession
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion Suppose that velocity rises but incomes have not changed. What do you think happened to interest rates, according the Keynesian liquidity preference theory why?Explain how a sustained increase in the growth rate of the money supply (gM↑) at a particular time (t*) can lead first to the liquidity effect, then to the nominal income effect, and finally to the inflation expectations effect. Also, explain how the interest rate changes in response to each of these effects.As a manager of a firm, you are concerned about the rise of inflation rate from 3 to 5 percent(annualized) over the last four months despite the growth of the economy.a. Given the above situation should BNM adjust the monetary policy? Is so, explain theappropriate monetary policy BNM would use. Be sure to discuss how the monetarypolicy would be able to manage inflation while managing economic growth.
- Assume that the banking system is loaned up and that any open-market purchase by the Fed directly increases reserves in the banks. If the required reserve ratio is 0.2, by how much could the money supply expand if the Fed purchased $2 billion worth of bonds? And what are the basic arguments stated by the Real-Business-Cycle (RBC) Theory, regarding economic fluctuations?1) Inflation in Theoretica is currently below the target range of its central bank. What does this tell you regarding Theoretica’s likely output gap? Illustrate it using an AS-AD diagram, and briefly explain your diagram 2) Your mother states that lowering interest rates in the recessionary COVID-19 period is good policy because it will guarantee consumers will spend more as it is cheaper to borrow money. Do you agree or disagree with her statement? Provide two reasonings to justify your answer. 3) Is either helicopter money or quantitative easing preferred in times of severe recessions in order to boost economic activity? Explain your reasoning.On the topic of "Stabilization Policies, Monetary Institutions and Strategies" Suppose that it there is an expected increase in the production productivity. Using AE/PC Model, explain the followings with the aid of graphs. a) What will be the impact on current inflation and on output if the central bank does not involve to the market (do nothing)? b) Assume that initially inflation equals to the central bank’s inflation target and an output gap of zero. When the shock occurs, what are the options that the central bank has to influence to the market?
- Assume that as a consequence of an IS shock the economy is initially at a point with output above equilibrium (y > ye), and inflation of 4% above a 2% target. By means of a diagram, explain how the central bank will respond to this new information about economic conditions and discuss the effects on the economy.It is sometimes suggested that the Fed should try toachieve zero inflation. If we assume that velocity isconstant, does this zero-inflation goal require that therate of money growth equal zero? If yes, explain why.If no, explain what the rate of money growth shouldequalIf yield curves, on average, were flat, what would thissay about the liquidity (term) premiums in the termstructure? Would you be more or less willing to acceptthe expectations theory?