What is the economic meaning of the powers of K and L? Briefly explain. What is the level of output ? produced when the economy in long-run equilibrium.
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What is the economic meaning of the powers of K and L? Briefly explain.
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What is the level of output ? produced when the economy in long-run equilibrium.
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- Refer to the figure above. The country of Kemper is on its aggregate production function at point W in the above figure. If the population increases with no change in capital or technology, what will happen to the economy? Explain your answer.Consider three inputs of production: labour, physical capital and natural resources, and an economy with decreasing returns to scale. If you increase all three inputs x times then the total gross domestic product (GDP) in the economy will increase exactly x times, but GDP per capita will decreaseSuppose you are given the aggregate production function for an economy and the amount of available technology increases for this economy. If labor and capital constant are held constant, increase in technology will causes labor productivity to decrease. True False
- The term potential output refers to: a)The maximum possible output for an economy b)The quantity of output that would be produced if every member of the labor force worked 40 hours per week c)The quantity of output produced when the price level is the same as firms and workers expected when they agreed on input prices and wages d)The quantity of output produced at the intersection of the AD and AS curvesDepict in the AD-AS model, an economy exhibiting a short run equilibrium with a negative output gap resulting from a decline in AD caused by falling investment spending. What is true about the level of unemployment in this circumstance? What is true about the utilization of capital in this circumstance? What are the implications of your statements in parts a and b for long run adjustments in resource prices? How will these changes in resource prices impact the economy in the long run? Depict this change in your graph.In class we argued that if people could accumulate human as well as physical capital, the production function would look like the “AK” production function. • (a) If the production function is AK and the savings rate is constant at rate “s”, and the rates of depreciation and populati on growth are δ and n respectively, what would the growth rate of the economy be? • (b) What would be the macroeconomic consequences of decreasing the savings rate in this economy? • (c) What would be the consequences of an increase in fertility in this economy? • (d) Would the consequences of decreasing fertility be UNAMBIGUOUSLY GOOD? • (e) Can human capital grow without bounds? Explain why or why not (make sure you discuss the physical nature of human capital). • (f) What is the growth rate of the economy (in the absence of technological progress) if human capital cannot grow without bounds?
- Consider an economy with the following aggregate production function: Y = 3K1/3(AL)2/3 Capital grows through investment but also decays due to wear and tear at a constant rate δ per period. Assume that A is growing at the exogenous rate g, that L is growing at the exogenous rate n, and that households save a constant proportion s of their income. (a ) Find the steady state level of the capital per effective worker (k*), output per effective worker (y*) and consumption per effective worker (c*) - in terms of the parameters of the model. (B) What is the level of k (k**) that maximizes consumption? (C) Given a depreciation rate of 7%, population growth rate of 2%, technological progress of 1% and a saving rate of 30%, calculate the steady state levels of k, y and c. (D) To move to the level of capital that maximizes consumption, how should the saving rate be changed? Explain. (E) Calculate the saving rate needed to reach the golden rule level of capital per effective worker.For each of the following scenarios predict how the price level and output will change over time from immediate impact to long-run impact. In each case, consider an economy that was initially producing at its level of potential output. a. The government passes legislation that increases corporate taxes by 25%. b. Economies around the globe are experiencing a time of prosperity and, as a result, demand for U.S. exports increases.Suppose that output is given by the neoclassical production function Y (t) = F (K(t), L(t), A(t)) satisfying Assumptions 1 and 2, and that we observe output, capital, and labor at two dates t and t + T . Suppose that we estimate TFP growth between these two dates using the equation Where g(t, t + T ) denotes output growth between dates t and t + T , and other growth terms are defined similarly, while αK(t) and αL(t) denote the factor shares at the beginning date. Let x(t, t + T ) be the true TFP growth between these two dates. Show that there exist functions F such that x(t, t ˆ + T )/x(t, t + T ) can be arbitrarily large or small. Next show the same result when the TFP estimate is constructed using the end-date factor shares: Explain the importance of differences in factor proportions (capital-labor ratio) between the beginning and end dates in these results.
- An economy has an aggregate production function to produce goods and services Y = AK1/3L 2/3 where Y represents total output (i.e GDP), K is capital, L is labor, and A is total factor productivity (TFP). This economy devotes a share of 30% of its output to gross investment. Capital depreciates at a rate of 10% per period. The TFP level is one and there are 2 units of labor available for production. • Suppose the economy starts with a capital stock at time t = 1 equal to 1 unit. Write down the values of gross investment, net investment, capital, consumption, and output observed during the subsequent 10 periods • What is the steady state level of capital, assuming A = 1 and L = 2? • Suppose that the economy is at its steady state and there is an increase in the depreciation rate from 0.10 to 0.15. What is the new steady state value for capital? Discuss your results.In the tiny country of Tuvalu the economy is sustained by the production of small fishing boats made from local materials, tuna, and copra (from coconuts). Last year Tuvalu produced 800 boats at a cost of $2,000 each but only 500 were sold due to recession at a price of $3,200 each. They produced $5 million worth of copra from their coconuts and consumed $2 million of it locally. The rest was used in the production of coconut oil cream which was exported for a value of $10 million. Based on this information, what was Tuvalu’s GDP for last year? The GNP of a country is $200 billion, receipts of factor income from the rest of the world are $10 billion, payments of factor income to the rest of the world are $30 billion, and depreciation is $25 billion. What is the GDP and the Net National Product? Schneider’s Bicycles produced $860,000 worth of custom-made of custom-made bicycles last year and paid $45,000 in taxes. Schneider used $315,000 in parts to assemble the…What two variables are most important for sustained long-run growth? options: Increasing capital and increasing total factor productivity Decreasing taxes and increasing government expenditures Increasing money supply and decreasing interest rates Increasing consumption and increasing investment in inventories