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- If a countrys currency is expected to appreciate in value, what would you think will be the impact of expected exchange rates on yields (e.g., the Interest rate paid on government bonds) in that country? Hint: Think about how expected exchange rate changes and interest rates affect a currencys demand and supply.Suppose U.S. interest rates decline compared to the rest of the world. What would be the likely impact on the demand for dollars, supply of dollars, and exchange rate for dollars compared to, say, euros?Q3-19 The IS/LM/BP analysis suggests that, if the BP curve is flatter than the LM curve and the exchange rate is flexible, expansionary fiscal policy will lead to _______ of the country's currency.This will make the fiscal policy _______ effective in influencing national income than if the country had a fixed exchange rate. Select one: a. a depreciation / more b. a depreciation / less c. an appreciation / more d. an appreciation / less
- The Federal Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve (the Fed) announced a rate hike of half a percentage point after its two-day meeting on May 4, 2022, raising the target range for the federal funds rate to 0.75-1.0%. Using the IS-LM-IP model, graphically illustrate and explain what HKMA must do to maintain the pegged exchange rate. Also discuss what effect this will have on domestic output and net exports. In your graphs, clearly label all curves and equilibria.QUESTION 10Suppose there are two countries that are identical in every way with the following exception. Country A is pursuing a fixed exchange rate regime and country B is pursuing a flexible exchange rate regime. Suppose government spending in both countries rises by the same amount. Given this information, we know that: the change in output in A will be greater than in B. the change in output in B will be greater than in A. the change in output will be the same in both countries. the relative output effects are ambiguous.Consider an OPEN ECONOMY with a floating exchange rate regime. In the aftermath of recent elections won by the country’s socialist party, consumer confidence and consumption has increased dramatically. Within the IS-MP framework for an open economy, explain and illustrate graphically what the effect is of the increase in overall consumption on equilibrium output, the real interest rate, net cash outflow, the trade balance and the country’s real exchange rate.
- Japan and the United States are major trading partners and the exchange rate between the Japanese yen and the United States dollar is determined in a flexible foreign exchange market. (a) Assume real income increased in the United States. Explain how this increase in income in American GDP will affect the FOREX graph of the Yen b) Will each of the following increase, decrease, or stay the same as a result of the increase in the United States real income? (i) Japan’s net exports. Explain. (ii) Unemployment in Japan. Explain. (iii) Japan’s long-run aggregate supply (c) Assume instead household savings increased in the United States. What would happen on loanable funds market in the United States with the supply of loanable funds, and show the effect of the increase in household savings on the equilibrium real interest rate. (d) Based on the change in the equilibrium real interest rate identified in part (c), what will happen to financial capital flows to the United States? e) Based on…Graphically illustrate the traditional view of the short-run impacts of a debt-financed taxcut on:a. interest rates and output in a closed economy in the short run, using the IS–LM model.b. exchange rates and output in a small open economy with a flexible exchange rate inshort run, using the Mundell–Fleming model.Consider an economy with the followingC = 200 + 0.4(Y − T)I = 300 − 5000rT = 0, G = 0L(rw, Y ) = 250 + 0.06Y − 300rP = 1e = 1rw = 0.09 e is the fixed exchange rate a. Derive the IS curve and compute equilibrium output and interest rate b. Derive the LM curve and compute equilibrium money supply c. Suppose the Central Bank revalues exchange rate from 1 to 0.85. Recalculate theequilibrium output, interest rate, and money supply d. Suppose the Central Bank devaluates the exchange rate from 1 to 1.3. Recalculate theequilibrium output, interest rate, and money supply.
- Q3-2 The IS/LM/BP analysis suggests that, under flexible exchange rates, Select one: a. monetary policy is less powerful for affecting national income than under fixed exchange rates. b. a country may have difficulty in staying on the LM curve. c. expansionary fiscal policy may, in theory, cause either depreciation or appreciation of the home currency. d. expansionary fiscal policy will always lead to a decline in national income.Suppose Australia s unemployment rate began to rise, and the government passed an investment tax credit to help stimulate the economy. Explain the effect this policy would have on the nation s GDP Price Index, real risk-free interest rate, nominal interest rates, real and nominal GDP, gross private domestic investment, unemployment rate, inflation rate, real and nominal exchange rate, current international transactions (CT), net non reserve-related international borrowing and lending transactions (NI), and reserve-related transactions (RA). (Definition of an investment tax costs times the percentage ITC. Unlike depreciation, an ITC is offered when an investment asset is purchased.)An analyst argues that exchange rate movements depend on interest rate differentials (that is, the International Fisher effect), country-specific economic policy uncertainty measures and country-specific GDP growth rates. With this in mind, the analyst estimates the following model: Expected rate of appreciation of yen against the dollar(%)= =0.5[idollar(%) – iyen(%)]+0.5[idollar(%) – iyen(%)]2+0.2[σUS(%) – σJAP(%)]+ +0.2[σUS(%) – σJAP(%)]2+0.1[GDPJAP(%) – GDPUS(%)]. In this model, idollar(%) is the one-year interest rate in the US, iyen(%) is the one-year interest rate in Japan, σUS(%) refers to economic policy uncertainty in the US, σJAP(%) refers to economic policy uncertainty in Japan, GDPUS(%) refers to annual GDP growth in the US and GDPJAP(%) refers to annual GDP growth in Japan. Assume idollar=6%, iyen=4%, σUS=5%, σJAP=1%, GDPUS=2% and GDPJAP=1%. Calculate the expected rate of appreciation of the yen against the dollar