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What is the fundamental problem of econometrics? 2. Explain in words and with the formula we derived for the difference between two means how randomized control trials solve the fundamental problem of econometrics.
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- While randomized control trials are gold-standard, we don't use them in economics often to explore causal relationships. Why? Provide three reasons.Use the following information for questions 12-14. Assume that there are two parties, I and V. I engages in an activity that tends to injure V. V and I both can take care to reduce the expected harm from accidents. Specifically, suppose that if I takes no care (i.e., spends $0 on accident precautions), expected injury to V is $25. If I spends $5 on accident precautions, however, the expected injury to V is reduced to $18. Further suppose that V has a choice between taking no care or spending $4 in care to avoid accidents. If V spends $4 in care, V’s expected harm falls by $2 regardless of the level of care that I takes. Assume that courts adopt the socially-optimal level of injurer care as the negligence standard. That is, if I takes less than the socially-optimal level of care, she will be found negligent and must pay for all damages toV. If I takes at least the socially optimal level of care, she will not have to compensate V for his damages. Under a negligence standard, what is…Use the following information for questions 12-14. Assume that there are two parties, I and V. I engages in an activity that tends to injure V. V and I both can take care to reduce the expected harm from accidents. Specifically, suppose that if I takes no care (i.e., spends $0 on accident precautions), expected injury to V is $25. If I spends $5 on accident precautions, however, the expected injury to V is reduced to $18. Further suppose that V has a choice between taking no care or spending $4 in care to avoid accidents. If V spends $4 in care, V’s expected harm falls by $2 regardless of the level of care that I takes. Assume that courts adopt the socially-optimal level of injurer care as the negligence standard. That is, if I takes less than the socially-optimal level of care, she will be found negligent and must pay for all damages toV. If I takes at least the socially optimal level of care, she will not have to compensate V for his damages. Under a negligence standard, what are…
- Use the following information for questions 12-14. Assume that there are two parties, I and V. I engages in an activity that tends to injure V. V and I both can take care to reduce the expected harm from accidents. Specifically, suppose that if I takes no care (i.e., spends $0 on accident precautions), expected injury to V is $25. If I spends $5 on accident precautions, however, the expected injury to V is reduced to $18. Further suppose that V has a choice between taking no care or spending $4 in care to avoid accidents. If V spends $4 in care, V’s expected harm falls by $2 regardless of the level of care that I takes. Assume that courts adopt the socially-optimal level of injurer care as the negligence standard. That is, if I takes less than the socially-optimal level of care, she will be found negligent and must pay for all damages to V. If I takes at least the socially optimal level of care, she will not have to compensate V for his damages. What is the Nash equilibrium of this…(This is an intermediate mircoeconomics question) Arif and Aisha agree to meet for a date at a local dance club next week. In their enthusiasm, they forget to agree which venue will be the site of their meeting. Luckily the town has only two dancing venues, Palms and Oasis. Having discussed their tastes in dancing venues last week, both know that Arif prefers Palms to the Oasis and Aisha prefers the Oasis to Palms. In fact, their payoffs reflect that if both go to Oasis, Aisha’s utility is 3 and Arif’s 2, while if both go to Palms Arif’s utility is 3 and Aisha’s is 2. If they do not go to the same venue, then they both have a utility of 0. (a) Write the payoff matrix and explain whether there are any pure Nash equilibria. Carefully explain what these are and why. Comment on the existence of any dominant strategy equilibria. (b) Please calculate mixed strategy equilibria, if any, and then derive the probability that Arif and Aisha will find themselves at the same venue. (Carefully…True or False 1. The purpose of the premise or premises is to set forth the reasons or evidence given in support of the conclusion. 2. Some arguments have more than one conclusion. 3. All arguments must have more than one premise. 4. The words “therefore,” “hence,” “so,” “since,” and “thus” are all conclusion indicators. 5. The words “for,” “because,” “as,” and “for the reason that” are all premise indicators. 6. In the strict sense of the terms, inference and argument have exactly the same meaning. 7. In most (but not all) arguments that lack indicator words, the conclusion is the first statement. 8. Any sentence that is either true or false is a statement. 9. Every statement has a truth value. 10. The person usually credited with being the father of logic is Aristotle
- In Akerlof’s market for lemons model, suppose it is possible to certify cars, verifying that they are better than a particular quality q. Thus, a market for cars “at least as good as q” is possible. What price or prices are possible in this market? [Hint: sellers offer cars only if q ≤ quality ≤ p.] What quality maximizes the expected gains from trade?You must have learned that we cannot be always rational decision maker. Now, Tell us specifically about your experience when you made a nonrational decision making. How does this decision-making align with the satisfying model and the intuition model? (Show an example for both models) Satisficing model Intuition modelHansel has been making a cuckoo wristwatch, which he sells over the web. Customers are willing to pay $600 for Hansel’s watch, and each one costs him $240 to make. He has no fixed costs. Gretel is considering entry into this market. Her consultant has conducted a large-scale study of customers to determine how much they are willing to pay for watches of various quality levels. The consultant has found that customers’ willingness to pay equals 150q per watch, where q is a quality index the consulting firm has developed that ranges from 1 to 10. Gretel’s cost would be 15q2 per watch. Regardless of whether or not Gretel enters the market, and regardless of the quality level she chooses, Hansel will not change his competitive positioning. Suppose Gretel chooses to enter the market with a lower quality level to save on costs. Specifically, her quality index equals 3. What is her added value vis-à-vis Hansel (per watch)? What is the optimal quality level Gretel should choose…
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