What is the “lactate shuttle”?

Q: What are the two critical amino acids near the heme group in both myoglobin and hemoglobin?

A: Hemoglobin is a protein in the red blood cells ( RBCs) that carries oxygen to the body's tissues and…

Q: What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fast? what is the difference between mono-…

A: In biology carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are four macromolecules, each one of…

Q: What is Tetanu?

A: Answer: Introduction: Tetanus is an infection is caused by a toxin produced by Clostridium tetani…

Q: What metabolic processes produce lactate (lactic acid)?

A: Glycolysis. Glycolysis in cytoplasm produces intermediate metabolic pyruvate.

Q: What roles do thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase playin the metabolism of nucleotides?

A: Thioredoxin reductases are the members of pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family.…

Q: Discuss the relationship between lactic acid and lactate.

A: Lactic acid is producing by the body when oxygen is low it needs to convert glucose into energy.…

Q: Which are the Two paths are available to this glucose 6-phosphate?

A: The study of chemical reactions that occurs within living organisms is called biochemistry. This…

Q: Name the base change and aminoacid change,responisble for sickle-cell anemmia?

A: Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder in which the hemoglobin is structurally deformed.

Q: What is the name of the by-product of anaerobic glycolysis that can lead to muscle fatigue and why…

A: A muscle refers to a group of muscle tissue that contracts to generate force. The failure in the…

Q: What is Glycogen Storage?

A: Glycogen can be the multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as the form of energy…

Q: What is Tay-Sachs disease ? Explain the cause of Tay-Sachs disease ?

A: Tay-Sachs disease is a rare genetic inherited, fatal disorder most commonly diagnosed in babies…

Q: What are Fast-glycolytic fibers?

A: Muscle tissues are made up of muscle fibers that are composed of myofibrils composed of sarcomere…

Q: What is the rule of 2 for gluconeogenesis ?

A: Gluconeogenesis is the process of formation of glucose from glucogenic amino acids. Enzymes involved…

Q: What is the energy expenditure for synthesizing a hexose ?

A: Introduction The formation of hexose by a Carbon cycle involves the incorporation of carbon atoms…

Q: Why is the injectisome so named?

A: Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) refer to the complex bacterial structures that provide…

Q: Which type of process is lactic acid formation?

A: Lactic acid is a byproduct of chemical reaction and it acts as the substrate by which the cells…

Q: P55: What are the deficiency symptoms of vitamin B6?

A: Vitamin B6 is also known as pyridoxine and it's active form is pyridoxal phosphate.

Q: How many high-energy phosphates are generated or consumed in converting (a) 1 mole of glucose to…

A: The phosphate-phosphate bonds formed when compounds such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and…

Q: Under what circumstances would lactate production be increased above normal?

A: Lactate is an organic molecule which is formed maximum in muscle cells.

Q: Why is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) used for muscle contraction?

A: Muscle contraction is a process in which muscle shortening occurs due to the movement of the actin…

Q: What is the connection between lactate production and cancer?

A: Abnormal and uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells with a capacity to invade other healthy…

Q: 24.92 How is pyruvate metabolized in red blood cells, which contain no mitochondria?

A: The main source of carbohydrate is glucose in the body and its metabolism is called glycolysis. The…

Q: What is the function of GLUT4?

A: Among the various homeostatic occasions kept up by the human body, the blood glucose level is a…

Q: What is the significance of the glycolytic enzymes and myoglobin in the blood?

A: Glycolytic enzymes are enzymes involved in the breakdown of glucose molecules. They primarily…

Q: What is the effect of increasing the concentration of lactose in the action of the enzyme lactase?…

A: Lactase  Lactase is a enzyme with digest lactose present in milk or in any solution. It break…

Q: Why does a lack of 0202 lead to lactic acid accumulation?

A: During intense exercise, the body requires energy in more amount. But during heavy exercise, the…

Q: What are the end-products of the complete aerobic catabolism of glucose?

A: The synthesis of energy in animal cells is carried out through two main mechanisms such as aerobic…

Q: Which enzyme deficiency causes minor galactosemia?

A: Galactosemia is a hereditary disorder of carbohydrates metabolism in which body is not able to break…

Q: What glycolytic enzyme appears to be impaired?

A: Glycolysis is the pathway in which glucose molecules are broken down to pyruvate. During this…

Q: An increase in HDACS can lead to which of the following?

A: Ans - D) All of the above Chromatin's fundamental structure is known as nucleosome and it consists…

Q: when are aminos acids converted into intermediates of the glycolytic pathway and the TCA?

A: All the biomolecules including carbohydrates, proteins and fats can be interconverted by different…

Q: Which protein protects cells from the effects of oxidative stress ?

A: When there is an imbalance between the concentration of free radicals and antioxidants in the body,…

Q: What is the source of Inositol trisphosphate (IP3)?

A: Second messengers are molecules that are primarily responsible for relaying the signal received by…

Q: What is inositol trisphosphate (IP3)?

A: The molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface for example arrival of…

Q: Why edema is present in protein deficiency?

A: Protiens are the basic building blocks of the body. They are used to make  build cells, structural…

Q: 45: Explain about Hunters disease. Which enzyme deficiency causes the disease?

A: Mucins are combination of proteins and carbohydrates. Mucins are also known as mucopolysaccharides.…

Q: Is GAPDH only a glycolytic enzyme? What are the other physiological functions of GAPDH?

A: As you have posted multiple questions and have not mentioned which one needs to be answered, we are…

Q: What is a somaclones?

A: Clone refers to the a cell or an organism which has exactly same genetic make up as that of parent.

Q: What is the function of oligodendrocyte ?!

A: Oligodendrocyte is a Greek word which means, a cell having few branches. It is a type of neuroglial…

Q: What is the effect of the mutation on succinate-coupled ATP synthesis?

A: Succinate : It is a dicarboxylic acid dianion resulting from the removal of a proton from both of…

Q: What is the effect of the cholesterol diet on the amount of HMGCoA reductase protein?

A: Cholesterol is a compound which consist of cyclic ring and it is essential component which is…

Q: How do changes in molecular connections between the ECM and the cytoskeleton give rise to Duchenne…

A: Muscular dystrophy can be defined as a group of diseases that is responsible for the weakness and…

Q: Why lactic acid is produced during a prolonged strenuous activity?

A: Aerobic cellular respiration is responsible for producing energy in most of the normal activities…

Q: can you explain Malate-aspartate shuttle and glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle and the differences…

A: The Malate-aspartate shuttle and the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle are both involved in the…

Q: What is thigmotropism?

A: Thigmotropism - The movement of a plant when it comes in contact with any support like pea plant…

Q: What is the advantage of converting pyruvate into lactate in skeletal muscle?

A: During strenuous exercise, people breathe rapidly to provide more oxygen to the muscles. The body…

Industrial Processes

Industrial processes result in the manufacturing of products (biological products, such as enzymes, medicine) on a large scale using different methods, such as physical and chemical procedures. Few products such as pharmaceuticals, agricultural products, food items, etc., involve microbes and their enzymes. Such processes are termed industrial biological processes. Microbiology and biotechnology enable us to utilize the ability of microorganisms to produce enzymes, primary metabolites, and secondary metabolites, which in turn help to produce the desired products.