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Now suppose that the government has to intervene in the production of the good (rice) for there is a reason to believe (as community clamors it) that the production is causing pollution in the community. With the intervention, the local government decided to impose a tax (Pigouvian tax) on the polluters (a tax per unit of the good produced). Use the figure below to answer the following:
A. What is the value of the tax?
B. Calculate Pigouvian tax revenue as a result of this tax levied on producers.
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- Suppose R(q) = 4q − q2 is a function that describes the revenue an individual can earn. Obviously, revenue depends on quantity q. Further suppose that C(q) is a function that describes the cost associated with q.(a) Consider a private ownership scenario where the individual can maximize profits. Compute the optimal level of q.1a) I have a budget of 10 million. I want to buy a house and some cars (x) to fill up my garage. The size of the house is measured in squared metres with a price of 1000 per square metre (y). My utitility follows a quaslinear function, u(x,y) = 2√x + 2y. What are the demand functions for the number of cars and the land coverage of my house? 1b) If a land tax of 10% per square metre is implemented, what is the income effect? What is the substitutiion effect?Suppose the aggregate MAC function is 100 - 20W and aggregate MD = 5W for a polluting industry. 1. Here the slopes of MAC and MD are equal in absolute value. Suppose instead that the slope of the MD function is greater than the slope of the MAC function. What would then be the preferred policy if there was asymmetric information about MAC? A. Emissions tax B. Emissions standard C. No regulation D. None of the above 2. Suppose an emissions standard is being considered to achieve the socially optimal emissions level. What would be the total costs that the polluting industry avoids if the regulator decided not to regulate the firm and leave the market as is? A. 0 B. 150 C. 50 D. 10 3. What are total damages that would be avoided if in fact the regulator used an emissions standard to achieve the socially optimal level of emissions? A. 62.5 B. 40 C. 12.5 D. None of the above 4. What are net benefits at the optimal level of emissions using the "abatement cost perspective'' ?…
- The oil industry realizes their mistake and would now like to consider future generations. How much oil would they consume now, and how much would they conserve for the future generation? Assume the marginal net benefit you calculated in part b stays constant for the present and future generation, total oil available is 20 million barrels (Q1 + Q2 = 20), and use a discount rate of 3% with the future generation in 24 years (n=24).A firm has the following benefits and costs equations: B(Q) = 450Q - 26Q² and C(Q) = 126 + 18Q² Q that maximizes NB? The maximum net benefit is (profits)? Q that max TB? The profits that max TB? The results above indicate that: A. Profits are maximized at Q that max TB B. Profits at max TB > profits at max NB C. Profits at max TB < profits at max NB D. None of these statements is correct.Consider a competitive market in which the MPB = 180 – 2q and the MSC = q. In this market, however, there is a positive consumption externality of $60 per unit consumed. What is the efficient level of output in this market? A. 60 B. 80 C. 70 D. 90 E. 100
- Appalachian Coal Mining believes that it can increase labor productivity and, therefore, net revenue by reducing air pollution in its mines. It estimates that the marginal cost function for reducing pollution by installing additional capital equipment is MC = 40P where P represents a reduction of one unit of pollution in the mines. It also feels that for every unit of pollution reduction, the marginal increase in revenue (MR) is MR = 1,000 - 10P How much pollution reduction should Appalachian Coal Mining undertake?Appalachian Coal Mining believes that it can increase labor productivity and, therefore, net revenue by reducing air pollution in its mines. It estimates that the marginal cost function for reducing pollution by installing additional capital equipment is MC = 40P where P represents a reduction of one unit of pollution in the mines. It also feels that for every unit of pollution reduction, the marginal increase in revenue (MR) is MR = 1,000 - 10P How much pollution reduction should Appalachian Coal Mining undertake? Please provide the correct answer. Thank you!Respond to the question with a concise and accurate answer, along with a clear explanation and step-by-step solution, or risk receiving a downvote. n the table below are the marginal abatement costs of two firms. Note that an entry in the table indicates the cost of reducing emissions by one unit from the previous level. For example, $104 is the additional abatement cost for Firm 1 to reduce its emissions from 3 tons to 2 tons, and $40 is the cost for Firm 2 to reduce its emissions from 7 tons to 6 tons. 1.In an unregulated environment each firm produces 10 tons of emissions (20 tons total). Using the table above, what emissions levels (i.e., emissions standards) would you assign if you wanted to limit aggregate emissions to 7 tons in a cost-effective manner? Firm 1’s emissions level ________________ Firm 2’s emissions level ________________ 2.Given the emissions levels from Question 1, calculate the total abatement cost for each firm? Firm 1’s total abatement cost ________________…
- Consider the following model of a hypothetical market for MSW management services: MPB = 25 − 2Q MPC = 4 + Q MEC = 0.5Q, where Q is the number of trash containers per household per month. A. Quantitatively determine the effect of the resource misallocation due to: the presence of the negative externality, and the use of a flat fee pricing system in the presence of a negative externality. B. Determine the dollar value of a waste-end charge that would restore efficiency to this market. Explain your answer intuitively.Complete the accompanying table and answer the accompanying questions: a. At what level of the control variable are net benefits maximized? b. What is the relationship between marginal benefit and marginal cost at this level of the variable? Control variable Q Total benefits B(Q) Total cost C(Q) Net benefits N(Q) Marginal benefit MB(Q) Marginal cost MC(Q) Marginal Net benefits MNB(Q) 100 1200 950 210 60 101 1400 70 102 1590 80 103 1770 90 104 1940 100 105 2100 110 106 2250 120 107 2390 130 108 2520 140 109 2640 150 110 2750 160Because public goods are jointly consumed, which of the following is obtained by summing the private marginal benefits across all individuals? Social marginal costs Private marginal costs Social marginal benefit External benefits of consumption