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- In a competitive labor market, an increase in theminimum wage results in a(n) _________ in thequantity of labor supplied and a(n) _________ in thequantity of labor demanded.a. increase; increaseb. increase; decreasec. decrease; increased. decrease; decreaseConsider the following labor-leisure choice model. U(C,L) = C^2/3L^1/3 C = wN + π – T H= N+ L Where C: consumptionL: leisureN: hours workedH = 50 : total hoursw = 4 : hourly wageπ = 20 : non-labor income T = 10 : lump-sum tax Suppose the hourly wage changes to w = 5. Perform a decomposition and fill in the table C L N Substitution Effect Income Effect Total EffectExplain how the wage can adjust to balance thesupply and demand for labor while simultaneouslyequaling the value of the marginal product oflabor.
- Define the income-leisure trade-off that makes up the labor supply functionand the intuition for the upward sloping labor supply curve. What two effectsare involved in this trade-off? Explain.1. Supose that·Total Factor Productivity increases·Capital depreciates by 10%Everything else equal, what happens to labor demand in the economy?A. It decreases (i.e. shifts to the left of the demand curve)B. It increases (i.e. shifts to the right of the demand curve)C. Not enough information to answer 2. Does an increase in the wage causes leisure always to increase, because leisure is a normal good?A. YesB. NoC. Only if the substitution effect dominates the income effectD. Only if the income effect dominates the substitution effectCowles Foundationfor Research in Economicsat Yale UniversityCowles Foundation Discussion Paper No. 2021ARE WE APPROACHING AN ECONOMIC SINGULARITY?INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE FUTUREOF ECONOMIC GROWTHWilliam D. NordhausSeptember 2015An author index to the working papers in theCowles Foundation Discussion Paper Series is located at:http://cowles.yale.edu/This paper can be downloaded without charge from theSocial Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection:http://ssrn.com/abstract=2658259Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2658259Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity?Information Technology and the Future of Economic GrowthWilliam D. Nordhaus1September 1, 2015AbstractWhat are the prospects for long-run economic growth? The presentstudy looks at a recently launched hypothesis, which I label Singularity.The idea here is that rapid growth in computation and artificialintelligence will cross some boundary or Singularity after whicheconomic growth will…
- How is the value of marginal product of labor (VMPL) defined? a.Price of output multiplied by the output of the last worker hired b.Price of output multiplied by the price of the last worker hired c.Price of the last worker hired d.Price of outputrefer to the following diagram. Suppose that all other nonwage aspects of the jobs in fhese two markets are identical. We would expect labor supply in B to increase if there are better prospects for advancement in A True of False. ExplainThe lines on the graph are budget constraints, showing the tradeoff between labor and leisure. Suppose that when the wage changes, an individual chooses to move from point A to another point on the graph. For each of the other points, where would it belong on the backward bending labor supply curve? Backward‑bendingportionVerticalportionUpward‑slopingportion Answer Bank B D F C E
- Define the contingent worker?Cindy gains utility from consumption C and leisure L. The most leisure she can consume in any given week is 168 hours. Her utility function is U ( C, L) = C x L. This functional form implies that Cindy’s marginal rate of substitution is C/L. Cindy receives $630 each week from her great-grandmother—regardless of how much Cindy works. What is Cindy’s reservation wage?In the context of a perfectly competitive model of the labour market, an increase in technologythat raises the marginal product of labour at any given level of employment would be expected, inequilibrium, toa) reduce the amount of labour required to produce a given amount of output and hence increaseunemployment.b) shift the labour demand curve outwards and lead to an increase in employment and wages.c) have no effect upon labour supply or labour demand curves and hence have no impact onemployment or wages.d) reduce the supply of labour to the market and result in an increase in wages but a fall inemployment Why the correct answer is B?