When focused on the youngest age group, a 20% increase in medical spending is associated with: FIGURE 3.1 Elasticity of health with respect to medical spending, by age. 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 20 40 60 80 100 Age Source: Hall and Jones, 2007. Note: "Whiskers" show standard errors of the estimates for each age group. 4% increase in conditional life expectancy 20% increase in conditional live expectancy O 8% increase in conditional life expectancy Elasticity of health with respect to medical spending
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- Health Economics 715 Graduate Student Level In the field of health economics, there has been mixed evidence of whether primary care and inpatient care utilization are substitutes or complements. Use the Dartmouth atlas' results to predict the relationship between primary care and inpatient care. (SHORT ANSWER)Demand studies in health care have provided estimates of both income and price elasticity. Estimates of income elasticity are usually above +1.0. Estimates of price elasticity typically range between -0.1 and -.75 (with hospital services at the lower end and elective services at the upper end). What information do these estimates convey? What does the price elasticity of demand estimates imply for government policymakers, insurance companies, and medical providers' decisions? What does the income elasticity of demand estimates imply for government policymakers, insurance companies, and medical providers' decisions?All other things equal, if an individual earning $100,000 per year has an income elasticity of demand for health care of 0.4, if her salary increases by 10%, her expenditures on health care will increase by $4,000. True False
- The price elasticity of demand for health care has been estimated to be −0.2. Characterize this demand as price elastic, unit price elastic, or price inelastic. The text argues that the greater the importance of an item in consumer budgets, the greater its elasticity. Health-care costs account for a relatively large share of household budgets. How could the price elasticity of demand for health care be such a small number?Suppose the income elasticity of demand for health care insurence is 0.3. If the level of income decreasesd by 1 percent , The demand for health insurence will 1.rise By.29 percent 2.rise by 0.3 percent 3.Fall by .29 percentSuppose you are collecting data from a country like Japan where the government sets the price of healthcare. Each prefecture in Japan has a different set of prices (for example, Tokyo has higher prices than rural Hokkaido). Data for 1999 are displayed in the table below. Region Outpatient Visits per Month Price per Visit Tokyo 1.25 25 Hokkaido 1.75 15 (4 points) What is the arc price elasticity of demand for health care consumers in Japan (using only these data)? (4 points) Suppose that incomes are generally much higher in Tokyo than Hokkaido. Is your answer to the last question an overestimate or underestimate of price elasticity? Justify your answer. (c) (4 points) Using your estimated elasticity, what would the demand for health care be if the price in Tokyo were raised to 30 per visit? What would the demand in Hokkaido be if the price were lowered to 5 per visit?
- When is use of the arc elasticity concept valid as compared with the use of the point elasticity concept?One of the most robust, fundamental “facts” of health economics is the SES and health gradient. a) Define the SES and health gradient. b) Give three ways in which the SES and health gradient is robust. c) Provide evidence that some of the gradient is correlational (i.e., give a potential confounder) and evidence that the gradient is in fact causal. d) i. Give an interpretation of Figure 1 below in layperson terms. ii. What pattern do you see for men vs women? iii. “The education and mortality gradient does not depend on healthcare spending or whether the country has universal healthcare.” Use Figure 1 to support or refute this claim.Based on the data presented in the table below estimate elasticity of demand for two price changes: a) price increase from $3 to $9 per hour; and b) price decrease from $9 to $3 per hour. Make sure to use the midpoint formula. Price Per Hour of Therapy Demand for Therapy 0 16 1 15 2 14 3 13 4 12 5 11 6 10 7 9 8 8 9 7 10 6 11 5 12 4 13 3 14 2 15 1 16 0
- Indicate whether the statement is true or false, and justify your answer.In the RAND HIE, the arc elasticity of demand for inpatient care was larger (in absolute value) than the arc elasticity of demand for outpatient care.Considering Healthcare price elasticity, would it be a good idea to implement a price increase on medical products?Discuss what is known about price elasticities of demand for various health care services