Medicare and Medicaid provide disproportionate-share payments to hospitals whose patients are mostly publicly insured or uninsured. State and local taxes help pay for additional charity care and safety-net programs provided through public hospitals and local health departments. Uninsured individuals have access to acute care through a federal law that requires most hospitals to treat all patients requiring emergency care. ACA decreased funding to federally qualified health centers
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- Which statement about the individual health insurance market in the U.S. is correct? Question options: 1) Among the non-elderly with private health insurance, about one-third now purchase it in the individual market 2) Individual market enrollment increased with implementation of the Affordable Care Act in 2014, but it has declined in every year since 3) According to data from the Kaiser Family Foundation, On-Exchange enrollment has been roughly constant (varied by less than 1 million) since 2015 4) According to data from the Kaiser Family Foundation, Off-Exchange enrollment has grown relative to On-Exchange since 2015The fact that most medical care purchases are financed through insurance: a. has no effect on health care consumption because aggregate costs are the same regardless of payment method. b. reduces the amount of health care consumed by raising the price of additional units of care. c.has decreased health care costs and therefore reduced aggregate health care expenditures. d. increases the amount of health care consumed by reducing the price of additional units of care.The cost of employer-sponsored health care benefits are expected to approach $16,800 per employee next year. Big employers project that their total cost of providing medical and pharmacy benefits will rise 6 percent for the sixth consecutive year. The total cost of health care, is estimated to average $17,800 per employee in 2022, up from $7,099 last year. Large employers will cover roughly 70 percent of those costs. For Employers, what is the “OPPORTUNTY COST “of health care? (not the price.)
- Medicare recipients can purchase supplemental private insurance (known as Medigap insurance) to fill the gap in coverage left by Medicare. This gap includes copayments, deductibles, and prescription drug expenses not covered by Medicare. Several years ago, the government enacted regulations that specify minimum standards for items that Medigap policies must cover. This made the policies more expensive, and as a consequence, about 25 percent of the elderly who would have purchased some Medi-gap insurance purchased none at all [Finkelstein, 2004]. Consider an individual who consumes two goods, "insurance" and "all other goods." The cost of a unit of Medigap insurance is $1, as is the cost of a unit of all other goods. Sketch a budget constraint and set of indifference curves that are consistent with the following scenario: In an unregulated market, an individual with a $30,000 income purchases $5,000 worth of Medigap insurance. The government then puts mandates on Medigap policies that…Which of the following would encourage consumers to economize on health care expenditures and producers to supply health care services more efficiently? Group of answer choices Decreased reliance on the purchase of catastrophic health insurance coverage and greater reliance on insurance with first-dollar coverage and small co-payments. An increase in the share of health care costs paid for by the consumer either directly or from a health savings account. Decreased reliance on personal health savings accounts and health care expenditures from the accounts. The establishment of a national health care system that would provide health care services to people free of charge.Inability of one to determine marginal value of health care implies that the traditional approach to demand theory does not work very well for health-care services. True or false?
- Discuss which of the following types of technological change in health care likely to be cost increasing: I. threats of malpractice suits that cause physicians to order more diagnostic tests on average for a given set of patients symptoms ii) a new computer-assisted scanning device that enables physicians to take much more detailed picture of the brain iii) the introduction of penicillin earlier in this century iv) greater emphasis on preventive care v) the threat of Covid-19 virusDescribe how the transition for premodern reimbursements programs such as (P4P or DRGs) to current value-based compensation programs can potentially further reduce hospital readmission rates. Please provide a detailed example in your response.which option is correct about Medicare and Medicaid? Medicaid is a federally-sponsored program while Medicare is sponsored with states and federal governments The health care cost of Medicare enrollees in the last two years of their life is very small Medicaid is less costly than Medicare Under the Affordable Care Act, Medicare was expanded at the cost of contracting Medicaid
- discuss the dominant cost components of health care.What proportion on the GDP is spent on health care? 0.2 0.75 0.18 0.30 QUESTION 2 Which of the following options is incorrect about US health care? Health care spending as a share of GDP has been steady from 2008 to 2012 The projected health care spending as a share of GDP in 2020 is lower than the current share. Increase in life expectancy is one of the reasons of increase in health care costs US is categorized as a country with high health care costs QUESTION 3 For every 10 percent increase in price of health care services, demand falls by 3 percent. How much is the own price elasticity of demand for health care? 0.3 3.33 -3.33 -0.3 QUESTION 4 What is a Cadillac plan? Health insurance plan for Cadillac company (car manufacturer) A very generous employer-sponsored health insurance plan There is no such plan A very generous health plan for Cadillac owners QUESTION 5 Demand for health care is not Downward sloping Sensitive to the price of health care Vertical Horizontal…Indicate whether the statement is true or false, and justify your answer.Suppose that a state grants Medicaid benefits to a worker only if his income is between $5,000 and $10,000 a year. This will not result in a work disincentive because those who are not working at all cannot receive any benefits.