when hemolysis is present in the final solution, what does it indicate? Explain.

Q: 2i A person is given an intravenous infusion of distilled water in it rather than of saline.…

A: Blood is a fluid that is made of plasma and blood cells. There are three types of blood cells: red…

Q: What is the molecular basis for red blood cell hemolysis that cause the cells to lyse?

A: Red blood cells or erythrocytes are present in the blood to transport oxygen to all the body…

Q: Describe donor selection and blood processing, including assays for bloodborne infectious diseases.

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: a tabular form, sufficiently list all unacceptable smears and their causes.?

A: We know Examination of blood film or smear  is very essential to rule out the certain diseases/…

Q: Name The Two-immuno Diffusion Techniques?

A: The Immuno-diffusion technique utilizes diffusion of the reactants to form the precipitate on the…

Q: Explain how a capsule can allow an organism to be serum resistant and avoid phagocytosis.

A: Alternative pathway involves the C3b activation, which include the antibody-mediated immune…

Q: Tissue fluid returns to the central circulation through a series of tubules whose nodes contain…

A: Blood is a liquid substance which flows in the blood vessels and carry nutrients and oxygen to the…

Q: Identify the principles of the lypophilization process and list down the precautions and limitations…

A: Lyophilization is a messy freeze-drying process that eliminates water from a product after it has…

Q: Define Containment and explain their techniques.

A: The term containment refers to the safe methods or properly managing infectious agents in the…

Q: Why is a blocking buffer needed while running the immunoblotting of the PDVF membrane, furthermore…

A: Immunoblotting, like ELISA, uses host antibodies to identify specific parasite antigens. Protein…

Q: Suppose a patient is suffered by fever with inflammation.  What will be the biomarkers to detect…

A: Inflammation It is a local defensive mechanism to the tissue damage to limit the spread of injurious…

Q: A slide of blood cells is referred to as a smear or a film,why?

A: Blood is a specialized body fluid that supplies essential substances around the body, such as…

Q: if a patient has anti- C, anti-Leb, anti-K and anti-Jka. what phenotyp of red blood cells should be…

A: Phenotype of an RBC is determined by the antigen present on their surface .

Q: High numbers of “good” bacteria are foundin the intestine and on the skin. The immune system needs…

A: All cells have distinguishing markers on their surfaces. A portion of the markers is made of…

Q: Why are gram-positive bacteria typically more resistant than gram-negative bacteria to…

A: Bacteria are found everywhere. They can survive almost every where including bottom of oceans, our…

Q: Match the best choice of information about immunoglobulliins with the IG match The answer options…

A: Immunoglobulin are antibody molecules which are made up of carbohydrates and proteins. They are main…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a way that an antibody can destroy a bacterial cell? a.…

A: Ans :- option (D) is right

Q: Why do you think are IV solutions given to a patient?

A: Intravenous fluid therapy involves infusion of several products such as intravenous solutions,…

Q: A group of young scientists visited a Nursery to study the level of sanit ion and the conformity to…

A: Escherichia coli is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria commonly found in the gut, raw cow milk,…

Q: What is the clinical significance of coagulase product ion? a. Phagocytes produce coagulase to fight…

A: Coagulase is the enzyme that helps in blood coating. Coagulase is not to fight infection. First…

Q: What measure a microbe would take to escape from immune system? Explain your answer with examples?

A: Micro organisms and Immune System -- Micro organisms or microbes are defined as organisms which can…

Q: It takes approximately 4 grams of ointment to cover an adult patient’s leg. If a physician…

A: As per the given scenario 4 gms of the ointment is required to cover one leg of an adult patient.

Q: . Antibodies of the IgA class are probably more prevalent thanthose of the IgG class. Explain this…

A: Immunoglobulins or antibodies are glycoproteins produced by B lymphocytes. These are Y shaped…

Q: Long time exposure of red blood cells to hypotonic solutions may lead to Select one: O a.…

A: A hypotonic solution is a solution with low solute concentration inside the cell (hypo in latin…

Q: 5. You observe a blood agar plate and see a clear/transparent area where the bacteria has been…

A: Blood agar is enriched medium used to  differentiate bacteria based on their hemolytic properties.

Q: Explain why coagulase positive bacteria are more pathogenic than coagulase negative bacteria

A: Coagulase is a protein enzyme produced by several microorganisms that enables the conversion of…

Q: how does immunoessay technic shows the Bence-Jones protein in the urine for the diagnosis of the…

A: Bence jones's proteins are composed of dimers of light chain immunoglobulins S and due to their…

Q: Which reaction requires complement?a. hemagglutination b. precipitation c. hemolysis d. toxin…

A: The complement system is made up of a large number of distinct plasma proteins that react with one…

Q: explain What do hemolysis and crenation

A: In short hemolysis is the destruction of RBC or red blood cells. Which means RBC swells up and burst…

Q: hy cannot freeze Human Normal Immunoglobulin injection?

A: Immunoglobulin , which is also known as gamma globulin, is a therapeutic preparation which is…

Q: Illustrate the step-wise procedure of making a blood smear.

A: Phlebotomy refers to the process of puncturing the vein with a cannula to collect blood. Blood…

Q: Lysozyme in tears and other secretions - particles by cilia in nasopharynx Mucus lining trachea Skin…

A: The pH scale indicates the acidity/basicity of water. The range is 0 to 14, with 7 acting as a…

Q: Briefly Explain this statement "Immunomodulator Agents "-Please explain at your own words.

A: There are certain drugs  which can modulate the immune response are called Immunomodulator. They are…

Q: Explain the actions of each of the following that make them virulencefactors:a. hemolysins b.…

A: An organism that causes disease is called pathogen. Virulence factors are the biomolecules in the…

Q: What do hemolysis and crenation help explain?

A: Cell membranes are semipermeable barriers, and osmotic gradients are established between…

Q: Homogeneous Immunoassay (HIA) Principal

A: An immunoassay is a biochemical test which measures the concentration of macromolecules or small…

Q: Lipolysaccharides in Gram negative cell walls that stimulates the body to release chemicals that…

A: The cell wall of gram negative bacteria is composed of a layer of peptidoglycan called the inner…

Q: Which of the following would be unlikely to cause a cell-mediated immune response? View Available…

A: The correct option is Staphylococcus aureus. Hepatitis B virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and…

Q: Describe the concept behind an immunodiffusion test. Explain howthe histoplasmin test is done.

A: Antigens are the protein molecules capable of inducing an immune response. Antibodies…

Q: Why is a hemolytic transfusion reaction considered a type ofhypersensitivity?

A: In case of blood transfusion, alloantigens (molecules that vary in similar species) found on donor…

Q: which three items requires the use of Manual Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

A: Answer: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing : It is the manual testing for the drug used as an…

Q: Please explain why you would, most likely, get sick when you touch a contaminated surface with your…

A: Immunity is the ability of the body to provide protection against harmful pathogens. There are two…

Q: Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes causes Multiple Choice partial lysis of red blood cells…

A: Blood is a fluid tissue that is found all over the body. The function of blood is to transport…

Q: Describe 2 methods of immunotherapy currently in use, and the clinical results of one of these (ie,…

A: Immunotherapy is a theraputic approach by which we makecan use of the concepts of immunology to…

Q: In this image, the bacteria in circles 1 and 4 is demonstrating: presence of catalase presence of…

A: Slide tests are used for detecting the presence or absence of different types of microorganisms in…

Hematology

Hematology is the branch of biology. Hematology is the medical field that deals with the treatment of blood disorders and cancers, such as hemophilia, leukemia, lymphoma, and sickle-cell anemia. Hematologists and hematopathologists are medical professionals who specialize in illnesses of the blood and its components.