When phenylalanine is converted to phenylpyruvic acid, this molecule accumulates in the body and leads to a disorder known as phenylketonuria (PKU). PKU is due to the expression of a recessive allele,p. If both parents are heterozygous at the PKU locus, what is the probability of having first two affected children and then a normal child? Write the answer in the form 2!/1!1! * (3/4)^5.
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- A pedigree analysis was performed on the family of a man with schizophrenia. Based on the known concordance statistics, would his MZ twin be at high risk for the disease? Would the twins risk decrease if he were raised in an environment different from that of his schizophrenic brother?As it turned out, one of the tallest Potsdam Guards had an unquenchable attraction to short women. During his tenure as guard, he had numerous clandestine affairs. In each case, children resulted. Subsequently, some of the childrenwho had no way of knowing that they were relatedmarried and had children of their own. Assume that two pairs of genes determine height. The genotype of the 7-foot-tall Potsdam Guard was A9A9B9B9, and the genotype of all of his 5-foot clandestine lovers was AABB. An A9 or B9 allele in the offspring each adds 6 inches to the base height of 5 feet conferred by the AABB genotype. a. What were the genotypes and phenotypes of all the F1 children? b. Diagram the cross between the F1 offspring, and give all possible genotypes and phenotypes of the F2 progenyIn humans, the genetic disease cystic fibrosis is caused by a recessive allele (a). The normal (healthy) allele is dominant (A). What is the genotype of someone who has cystic fibrosis? What are the two different genotypes that a healthy person could have? If two people were both heterozygous for the cystic fibrosis gene, what fraction of their children would be likely to have this disease? Hint: Draw a Punnett square to figure it out.
- Marfan’s syndrome is an example of pleiotrophy where individuals with a copy of the dominant allele have skeletal disorders, mitral valve prolapse and characteristic slender, loose joints. If Abraham Lincoln had a marfanoid disorder which he inherited from his mother, what are the chances he passed this trait on to his offspring? Consider that Mary Todd Lincoln, his wife, was 5’2”. please include a punnett squareCystic fibrosis is a recessive human condition. A male with Cystic fibrosis and a woman with a dominant phenotype have sevral children, in which one displays Cystic fibrosis. What can you conclude about the genotype of the maternal parent and what is the probability that a child who does not display Cystic fibrosis is heterozygous?Along with the trait in the pedigree, individual IV-6 and the woman are also both heterozygous for the autosomal dominant allele causing Huntington's disease. If they have a child, what is the probability that it will be affected by at least one of these traits? Remember to include both the trait in the pedigree and Huntington's disease in your calculations. Enter your answer to two decimal places (e.g., 0.55).
- Alkaptonuria is a metabolic disorder in which affected people produce black urine. Alkaptonuria results from an allele (a) that is recessive to the allele for normal metabolism (A). Sally has normal metabolism, buther brother has alkaptonuria. Sally’s father has alkaptonuria, and her mother has normal metabolism. Q. If Sally marries a man with alkaptonuria, what is the probability that their first child will have alkaptonuria?A couple who are about to get married learn from studying their family histories that, in both their families, theirunaffected grandparents had siblings with cystic fibrosis(a rare autosomal recessive disease).a. If the couple marries and has a child, what is theprobability that the child will have cystic fibrosis?b. If they have four children, what is the chance that thechildren will have the precise Mendelian ratio of 3:1 fornormal:cystic fibrosis?c. If their first child has cystic fibrosis, what is theprobability that their next three children will be normal?The allele for hitchhiker’s thumb (h) is recessive to straight thumb (H). If a man and his wife are both homozygous recessive, will any of their offspring potentially have hitchhikers thumb? What is the man’s genotype and the woman’s genotype? What is the man’s phenotype and the woman’s phenotype? What genotype(s) must the offspring have in order to have the phenotypic trait of hitchhiker’s thumb? Do a cross to determine all potential hitchhiker’s thumb genotypes and phenotypes for the offspring of this man and woman. Is it possible for any offspring of the F1 generation to have hitchhiker’s thumb?
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy is sex linked and usuallyaffects only males. Victims of the disease become progressively weaker, starting early in life.a. What is the probability that a woman whose brotherhas Duchenne’s disease will have an affected child?b. If your mother’s brother (your uncle) had Duchenne’sdisease, what is the probability that you have receivedthe allele?c. If your father’s brother had the disease, what is theprobability that you have received the allele?Which of the following genotype(s) must a female child have in order to be color blind? XNXN XNXn XnXn XNY XnY (XN represents the normal color vision allele. Xn represents the color-blindness allele. Y represents the Y chromosome, which does not carry the color-vision gene.) Which of the following genotype(s) must a color-blind male have? Explain your rationale. XNXN XNXn XnXn XNY XnY (XN represents the normal color vision allele. Xn represents the color-blindness allele. Y represents the Y chromosome, which does not carry the color-vision gene.)a. The ability to taste the chemical phenylthiocarbamideis an autosomal dominant phenotype, and the inabilityto taste it is recessive. If a taster woman with a nontasterfather marries a taster man who in a previous marriagehad a nontaster daughter, what is the probability thattheir first child will be(1) A nontaster girl(2) A taster girl(3) A taster boyb. What is the probability that their first two childrenwill be tasters of either sex?