Which is the best approximation of the fixation probability of the mutant B allele, present as one initial copy in a population of 10,000 diploid individuals, given the following fitnesses: WAA = 1, WAB = 1.1, WBB = 1.1?
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- A gene has two alleles A (frequency = p) and a(frequency = q). If a population is at Hardy-Weinbergequilibrium, develop mathematical expressions interms of p and q that predict the following matingfrequencies:a. Between two AA homozygotesb. Between two aa homozygotesc. Between two Aa heterozygotesd. Between an AA homozygote and an aa homozygotee. Between an AA homozyote and an Aa heterozygotef. Between an aa homozygote and an Aa heterozygote Considering your answers to parts (a)–(f):g. Do the six possibilities listed account for all possible matings? How would you know whether this istrue mathematically? Demonstrate this latter pointby setting p equal to an arbitrary number between0 and 1 such as 0.2.h. Can you develop a simple, general rule for calculating the mating frequencies between individualsof the same genotype versus the mating frequencies between individuals of different genotypes?i. If the population is equally divided between malesand females, what proportion of all matings…Imagine the following population with the genotype: AA= 15 Aa= 10 aa= 25 What are the OBSERVED genotypic frequencies? (To do this determine the total number of individuals in the population (50) and make a fraction for each genotype.) AA= Aa= aa=Assume there is a population with these different percentages of genotypes: 68% BB, 20% Bb, and about 9% bb. Will this be considered in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Why or why not?
- Sickle-cell anemia is a recessive disease that afflicts approximately 1 in 12 African Americans, meaning that the frequency of ss homozygotes is 0.09. Assuming the African American population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of Ss carriers in this population?If p2 = 0.36, what percentage of the population has the recessivephenotype, assuming a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?10,000 individuals are sampled from a population and are found to display one of three blood types: AA with 6800 individuals, AB with 2800 individuals and type BB with 400 individuals. a) If the next generation contains 25,000 individuals, how many would have blood type BB, assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
- In a given population, 1 out of 400 individuals has cancer caused by a recessive allele g. Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected proportion of individuals who are carriers?Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics In a given population, the frequencies of the four phenotypic classes of the ABO blood groups are found to be A = 0.33, B = 0.33, AB = 0.18, and i = 0.16. What is the frequency of the i allele?Applying Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In a population of 100 individuals, 49% are YY. What percentage is expected to be XY?
- In an island population, the following data were obtained for thenumbers of people with each of the four blood types:Type O 721Type A 932Type B 235Type AB 112Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Explain youranswer.Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease mostly affecting people of European descent that is caused by a recessive allele. You sample 1000 people for this allele and find 772 homozygous normal individuals, 221 heterozygotes, and 7 people homozygous for cystic fibrosis. Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?Two SNPs are located in the short arm of chromosome 12. SNP1 has allele frequencies of 60% T and 40% C, and SNP2 has allele frequencies of 40% A and 60% G. What is the frequency of the haplotype T-G in a population if the two SNPs are in absolute linkage disequilibrium and if they are in linkage equilibrium?