Assume a biallelic locus in a diploid population. Out of 100 individuals, the following genotypes were observed: 59 A1A1 individuals; 16 A1A2 individuals; and 25 A2A2 individuals. What is the observed (actual; not predicted) allele frequency of the A1 allele? (you may use a calculator here) O A. 0.33 O B. 0.67 O C. 0.16 O D.0.59 O E. 0.25
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- Albinism is a rare genetic condition, occurring in only one in every 17,000 to 22,000individuals in the world (Campbell et al. 2003; Gronskov et al. 2007). Conduct a library oronline research and answer these questions: A. What can you conclude about the allelic frequency of the a allele globally? B. Where do you think the a allele would be more commonly found, among theheterozygotes (Aa) or the homozygote recessives (aa)? Why do you say so? C. What happens to an individual who is albino (aa) or who has very low or lacksmelanin pigments in the hair, skin and eyes? D. Based on your answer in c, how would you explain the frequency of the a allele?a) Suppose the frequency of the recessive allele a for the recessive condition albinism is 0.2 Assume the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. ai) What is the frequency of albinism in the general population? aii) What fraction of the population are carriers? b) In a large population of mice, 0.58 have the recessive genetic condition rsiancer (fictional). Assume the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. What fraction of mice are carriers? Giver your answer with two digits parts the decimal point. c) In a large population of squirrels, 0.14 have the recessive genetic condition nlourianfilindr (fictional). Assume the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. What is the frequency of the dominant allele in this population? Give your answer with two digits parts the decimal point. d) In a large population of chimpanzees, there is a recessive genetic condition telactalase (fictional). Assume the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. If the frequency of dominant allele is 0.77 then what fraction of the population has…Snow geese (Chen caerulescens) come in two color types, white “snows” and “blues” with dark bodies. A single gene controls coloration, where the dark (“blue”) allele (D) is dominant. A population of 30,012 geese includes 9236 dark individuals. Genetic testing reveals that 7636 of the 9236 dark individuals are heterozygous (Dd). According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected frequency of genotype dd? A.) 0.189 B.) 0.320 C.) 0.427 D.) 0.671
- 1. A man and woman are both affected with the BRCA1 gene for familial breast cancer, a disease that has 80% penetrance in all individuals who carry the allele. They are both heterozygotes for the disease-causing mutation. What is the probability that they will have a phenotypically normal child?a. 20%b. 40%c. 60%d. 50%e. 80% 2. In populations in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the heterozygote frequency is maximal when the A allele equalsa 0b 0.2c 0.5 d 0.8e 1.0A researcher performed a testcross with of an individual that was Dd Hh genotype. Which ratio would best represent the expected genotypic results from a data set of 400 offspring?The answer is D, but why?Snow geese (Chen caerulescens) come in two color types, white “snows” and “blues” with dark bodies. A single gene controls coloration, where the dark (“blue”) allele (D) is dominant. A population of 30,012 geese includes 9236 dark individuals. Genetic testing reveals that 7636 of the 9236 dark individuals are heterozygous (Dd). What is the actual frequency of genotype dd? Group of answer choices A.) 0.692 B.) 0.319 C.) 0.427 D.) 0.453
- Consider the case of a hypothetical genetic disease called WhySciEleven (WSE), an inherited disease that results to the inability to complete production of an amino acid “moduleactivity” that results in brain damage if untreated. WSE is due to a recessive allele. Given one WSE occurrence per 10,000 births. Which term in the Hardy-Weinberg equation corresponds to the frequency of individuals who have no alleles for the disease WSE? a. p b. 2pq c. p2 d. q2Whether or not a person has cheek dimples is an autosomally inherited character due to variation in a single gene. Having cheek dimples (D) is dominant to not having cheek dimple s (d).In a population of 28,000 Greek children, 3,500 had cheek dimples and the rest did not. Assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, A. what are the frequencies of the two alleles? B. how many of the children do you expect to be heterozygous?. In Europe, the frequency of the CF− allele causing therecessive autosomal disease cystic fibrosis is about0.04. Cystic fibrosis causes death before reproductionin virtually all cases.a. Determine values of relative fitness (W) for the unaffected, carrier, and affected genotypes. Assumethat no selective advantage is associated with heterozygosity for the disease allele.b. Given your answer to part (a), determine the average (mean) fitness at birth of the population as awhole with respect to the cystic fibrosis trait (W)and the expected change in allele frequency overone generation (Δq) when measured at the birth ofthe next generation.c. Suppose the European population is at equilibriumfor the frequency of the CF− allele because someheterozygote advantage exists. Recalculate the relative fitness values for the three genotypes underthis assumption. d. The CFTR protein encoded by the CF gene is achloride ion channel. People suffering from cholerahave diarrhea that pumps water and…
- Based on this information (picture) A. What is the probability that a randomly sampled individual from the population has two copies of the a allele (that is, that it has an aa genotype)? B. What is the probability that both members of a randomly sampled married couple (man and woman) are aa at the asparagus-smelling gene? C. What is the probability that both members of a randomly sampled married couple (man and woman) are heterozygotes at this locus (meaning that each person has one allele A and one allele a)? D. Consider the type of couple described in (c). What is the probability that the first child of such a couple also has one A allele and one a allele (is a heterozygote)? Remember that the child must receive exactly one allele from each parent.Albinism is a rare genetic condition, occurring in only one in every 17,000 to 22,000 individuals in the world (Campbell et al. 2003; Gronskov et al. 2007).a. What can you conclude about the allelic frequency of the a allele globally?b. Where do you think the a allele would be more commonly found, among the heterozygotes (Aa) or the homozygote recessives (aa)? Why do you say so?c. What happens to an individual who is albino (aa) or who has very low or lacks melanin pigments in the hair, skin and eyes?d. Based on your answer in c, how would you explain the frequency of the a allele?ln a population of turtles, there are yellow-green shells and green shells. The yellow shells are caused by a homozygous recessive gene and the green shells are caused by the dominant gene. Given the following data:AA = 340Aa = 270aa = 120 a) Calculate p and q. b) Use a chi square test to determine if these alleles are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Submit your answer as a pdf or doc file. Show your work