Two SNPs are located in the short arm of chromosome 12. SNP1 has allele frequencies of 60% T and 40% C, and SNP2 has allele frequencies of 40% A and 60% G. What is the frequency of the haplotype T-G in a population if the two SNPs are in absolute linkage disequilibrium and if they are in linkage equilibrium?
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Two SNPs are located in the short arm of chromosome 12. SNP1 has allele frequencies of 60% T and 40% C, and SNP2 has allele frequencies of 40% A and 60% G. What is the frequency of the haplotype T-G in a population if the two SNPs are in absolute linkage disequilibrium and if they are in linkage equilibrium?
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- Which Hardy-Weinberg equation relates the frequencies of the genotypes for a particular gene locus?A population of 30 individuals has a mutation that generates a new allele “a”. This new allele gives a nearly identical phenotype to the “old” allele “A”. What is the probability of fixation for “a”? What will be the average number of generations until fixation? How would these values change if the population contained 3000 individuals?A population consists of 300 individuals with the following genotypes: AA – 100 Aa – 125 aa – 75 For the population in the problem above, imagine that the homozygous recessives are deleterious and that only 80% of these individuals survive to reproduce. If the other genotypes have a 100 % survival rate, and in each surviving individual replaces itself through reproduction, what are the values of p and q after one generation?
- For a gene existing in two alleles, what are the allele frequencies when the heterozygote frequency is at its maximum value, assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? What if there are three alleles?In a population of flowers growing in a meadow, C1C1 and C2C2 are autosomal codominant alleles that control flower color. The alleles are polymorphic in the population, with ff (C1)(C1) = 0.8 and ff (C2)(C2) = 0.2. Flowers that are C1C1C1C1 are yellow, orange flowers are C1C2C1C2, and C2C2C2C2 flowers are red. A storm blows a new species of hungry insects into the meadow, and they begin to eat yellow and orange flowers but not red flowers. The predation exerts strong natural selection on the flower population, resulting in relative fitness values of C1C1C1C1 = 0.30, C1C2C1C2 = 0.60, and C2C2C2C2 = 1.0. A. Assuming the population begins in H−WH−W equilibrium, what is C1C1 allele frequency after one generation of natural selection? B.Assuming the population begins in H−WH−W equilibrium, what is C2C2 allele frequency after one generation of natural selection? C.What is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype if the homozygous genotype frequencies are 0.1385 (BB) and 0.5897 (bb)?
- What is the expected total time of the coalescent (TC) for a sample of 3 alleles? If there were 5 generations per year and an N of 100, what would be the (TC) in years?Hemophilia and color blindness are both recessive conditions caused by genes on the X chromosome. To calculate the recombination frequency between the two genes, you draw a large number of pedigrees that include grandfathers with both hemophilia and color blindness, their daughters (who presumably have one chromosome with two normal alleles and one chromosome with two mutant alleles), and the daughters sons. Analyzing all the pedigrees together shows that 25 grandsons have both color blindness and hemophilia, 24 have neither of the traits, 1 has color blindness only, and 1 has hemophilia only. How many centimorgans (map units) separate the hemophilia locus from the locus for color blindness?The gel image below shows 7 alleles, let’s call them 1-7 in order of size, with 1 being the largest and 7 being the smallest. In this sample of 11 individuals, how many times does allele 5 appear?
- A given autosomal locus has three possible alleles (A1, A2, and A3). Assuming that the numbers of individuals with the six possible genotypes are as follows, what would be the frequency of the A1 allele in the population? A1A1 = 30 A1A2 = 27 A2A2 = 12 A1A3 = 17 A2A3 = 10 A3A3 = 4 What would be the frequency of the A3A3 genotype? Assume the population is under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A. 0.182 B. 0.27 C. 0.03 D. 0.317 E. 0.107 F. 0.09Consider a situation where F1 is backcrossed with one of its parental lineage and we obtained A1H1/A2H2 : A2H1/A2H2 : A2H2/A2/H2: A1H2/A2H2 = 295 : 186 : 310 : 209, where A1 and A2 are alleles at a locus and H1 and H2 are alleles at the other locus. What is the recombination (genetic) distance between the two loci in centimorgans? A. 8.9 B. 22.5 C. 18.4 D. 50 E. 39.5in the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what do the terms p2, q2, and 2pq represent, in terms of the genetic structure of a population?