which method of fly ash storage should be selected assuming an indefinitely long study period? Based on the problem, what would you choose and why?
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A larger electric utility company is considering two methods for containing and storing its coal combustion by-products (fly ash). One method is wet slurry storage and the second method is dry storage of the fly ash. The company will adopt one of these methods for all 28 fly ash impoundments at its seven coal-fired power plants. Wet storage has an initial capital investment of $2 billion, followed by annual maintenance expense of $300 million over the 10-year life of the method. Dry storage has a $2.5 billion capital investment and $150 million per year annual upkeep expenditure over its 7 year life. If the utility’s MARR is 10% per year, which method of fly ash storage should be selected assuming an indefinitely long study period?
Based on the problem, what would you choose and why?
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- Postman Company is considering two independent projects. One project involves a new product line, and the other involves the acquisition of forklifts for the Materials Handling Department. The projected annual operating revenues and expenses are as follows: Required: Compute the after-tax cash flows of each project. The tax rate is 40 percent and includes federal and state assessments.After discovering a new gold vein in the Colorado mountains, CTC Mining Corporation must decide whether to go ahead and develop the deposit. The most cost-effective method of mining gold is sulfuric acid extraction, a process that could result in environmental damage. Before proceeding with the extraction, CTC must spend 900,000 for new mining equipment and pay 165,000 for its installation. The mined gold will net the firm an estimated 350,000 each year for the 5-year life of the vein. CTCs cost of capital is 14%. For the purposes of this problem, assume that the cash inflows occur at the end of the year. a. What are the projects NPV and IRR? b. Should this project be undertaken if environmental impacts were not a consideration? c. How should environmental effects be considered when evaluating this or any other project? How might these concepts affect the decision in part b?Newmarge Products Inc. is evaluating a new design for one of its manufacturing processes. The new design will eliminate the production of a toxic solid residue. The initial cost of the system is estimated at 860,000 and includes computerized equipment, software, and installation. There is no expected salvage value. The new system has a useful life of 8 years and is projected to produce cash operating savings of 225,000 per year over the old system (reducing labor costs and costs of processing and disposing of toxic waste). The cost of capital is 16%. Required: 1. Compute the NPV of the new system. 2. One year after implementation, the internal audit staff noted the following about the new system: (1) the cost of acquiring the system was 60,000 more than expected due to higher installation costs, and (2) the annual cost savings were 20,000 less than expected because more labor cost was needed than anticipated. Using the changes in expected costs and benefits, compute the NPV as if this information had been available one year ago. Did the company make the right decision? 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Upon reporting the results mentioned in the postaudit, the marketing manager responded in a memo to the internal audit department indicating that cash inflows also had increased by a net of 60,000 per year because of increased purchases by environmentally sensitive customers. Describe the effect that this has on the analysis in Requirement 2. 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Why is a postaudit beneficial to a firm?
- Mallette Manufacturing, Inc., produces washing machines, dryers, and dishwashers. Because of increasing competition, Mallette is considering investing in an automated manufacturing system. Since competition is most keen for dishwashers, the production process for this line has been selected for initial evaluation. The automated system for the dishwasher line would replace an existing system (purchased one year ago for 6 million). Although the existing system will be fully depreciated in nine years, it is expected to last another 10 years. The automated system would also have a useful life of 10 years. The existing system is capable of producing 100,000 dishwashers per year. Sales and production data using the existing system are provided by the Accounting Department: All cash expenses with the exception of depreciation, which is 6 per unit. The existing equipment is being depreciated using straight-line with no salvage value considered. The automated system will cost 34 million to purchase, plus an estimated 20 million in software and implementation. (Assume that all investment outlays occur at the beginning of the first year.) If the automated equipment is purchased, the old equipment can be sold for 3 million. The automated system will require fewer parts for production and will produce with less waste. Because of this, the direct material cost per unit will be reduced by 25 percent. Automation will also require fewer support activities, and as a consequence, volume-related overhead will be reduced by 4 per unit and direct fixed overhead (other than depreciation) by 17 per unit. Direct labor is reduced by 60 percent. Assume, for simplicity, that the new investment will be depreciated on a pure straight-line basis for tax purposes with no salvage value. Ignore the half-life convention. The firms cost of capital is 12 percent, but management chooses to use 20 percent as the required rate of return for evaluation of investments. The combined federal and state tax rate is 40 percent. Required: 1. Compute the net present value for the old system and the automated system. Which system would the company choose? 2. Repeat the net present value analysis of Requirement 1, using 12 percent as the discount rate. 3. Upon seeing the projected sales for the old system, the marketing manager commented: Sales of 100,000 units per year cannot be maintained in the current competitive environment for more than one year unless we buy the automated system. The automated system will allow us to compete on the basis of quality and lead time. If we keep the old system, our sales will drop by 10,000 units per year. Repeat the net present value analysis, using this new information and a 12 percent discount rate. 4. An industrial engineer for Mallette noticed that salvage value for the automated equipment had not been included in the analysis. He estimated that the equipment could be sold for 4 million at the end of 10 years. He also estimated that the equipment of the old system would have no salvage value at the end of 10 years. Repeat the net present value analysis using this information, the information in Requirement 3, and a 12 percent discount rate. 5. Given the outcomes of the previous four requirements, comment on the importance of providing accurate inputs for assessing investments in automated manufacturing systems.Manzer Enterprises is considering two independent investments: A new automated materials handling system that costs 900,000 and will produce net cash inflows of 300,000 at the end of each year for the next four years. A computer-aided manufacturing system that costs 775,000 and will produce labor savings of 400,000 and 500,000 at the end of the first year and second year, respectively. Manzer has a cost of capital of 8 percent. Required: 1. Calculate the IRR for the first investment and determine if it is acceptable or not. 2. Calculate the IRR of the second investment and comment on its acceptability. Use 12 percent as the first guess. 3. What if the cash flows for the first investment are 250,000 instead of 300,000?Home Garden Inc. is considering the construction of a distribution warehouse in West Virginia to service its east coast stores based on the following estimates: a. Determine the net present value of building the warehouse, assuming a construction cost of 20,000,000, an annual net cost savings of 4,000,000, and a desired rate of return of 14%. Use the present value tables provided in Appendix A. b. Determine the net present value of building the warehouse, assuming a construction cost of 25,000,000, an annual net cost savings of 2,500,000, and a desired rate of return of 14%. Use the present value tables provided in Appendix A. c. Interpret the results of parts (a) and (b).
- Friedman Company is considering installing a new IT system. The cost of the new system is estimated to be 2,250,000, but it would produce after-tax savings of 450,000 per year in labor costs. The estimated life of the new system is 10 years, with no salvage value expected. Intrigued by the possibility of saving 450,000 per year and having a more reliable information system, the president of Friedman has asked for an analysis of the projects economic viability. All capital projects are required to earn at least the firms cost of capital, which is 12 percent. Required: 1. Calculate the projects internal rate of return. Should the company acquire the new IT system? 2. Suppose that savings are less than claimed. Calculate the minimum annual cash savings that must be realized for the project to earn a rate equal to the firms cost of capital. Comment on the safety margin that exists, if any. 3. Suppose that the life of the IT system is overestimated by two years. Repeat Requirements 1 and 2 under this assumption. Comment on the usefulness of this information.A larger electric utility company is considering two methods for containing and storing its coal combustion by-products (fly ash). One method is wet slurry storage and the second method is dry storage of the fly ash. The company will adopt one of these methods for all 28 fly ash impoundments at its seven coal-fired power plants. Wet storage has an initial capital investment of $2 billion, followed by annual maintenance expense of $300 million over the 10-year life of the method. Dry storage has a $2.5 billion capital investment and $150 million per year annual upkeep expenditure over its 7 year life. If the utility’s MARR is 10% per year, which method of fly ash storage should be selected assuming an indefinitely long study period?A large utility company is considering two mutually exclusive methods for storing its coal combustion by-products. One method is wet (slurry) storage and the second method is dry storage. The company must adopt one of those two methods for all 28 of its ash and gypsum impoundments at seven coal-fired power plants. Wet storage requires an initial investmentof $2 billion, followed by annual maintenance expenses of $300 million over a 10-year period of time. Dry storage has a $2.5 billion capital investment and $150 million per year upkeep expenses over its seven-year life. If the company’sMARR is 10% per year, which method should be recommended assuming repeatability?
- Adams Corporation is considering the purchase of equipment employing advanced technology to lower production costs in a product line. At the end of the third year, management will close down the line and liquidate the remaining assets. The project will require an investment of $500,000 in plant upgrade and equipment and an additional $30,000 in working capital, which will be recovered in full at the end of year 3.Over its three-year useful life, the new equipment will reduce labor and rawmaterials usage sufficiently to cut operating costs from $9,000,000 to $8,850,000. It is estimated that the new equipment can be sold for $150,000 at the end of year 3. If the new equipment were purchased, the old machine would be sold to another company for $170,000 rather than be traded in for the new equipment. If the old equipment is kept for three more years, the salvage value would be reduced to $70,000.Adams management uses 10% to discount the cash flows. Decide whether replacement is justified…Northwest Fabricators Inc. is considering an investment in equipment that will replace direct labor. The equipment has a cost of $171,600 with a $20,400 residual value and a 10-year life. The equipment will replace one employee who has an average wage of $44,200 per year. In addition, the equipment will have operating and energy costs of $4,120 per year. Determine the average rate of return on the equipment, giving effect to straight-line depreciation on the investment. If required, round to the nearest whole percent.Alfred Home Construction is considering the purchase of five dumpsters and the transport truck to store and transfer construction debris from building sites. The entire rig is estimated to have an initial cost of $142,500, a life of 8 years, a $8500 salvage value, an operating cost of $40 per day, and an annual maintenance cost of $8000. Alternatively, Alfred can obtain the same services from the city as needed at each construction site for an initial delivery cost of $125 per dumpster per site and a daily charge of $34 per day per dumpster. An estimated 19 construction sites will need debris storage throughout the average year. If the minimum attractive rate of return is 11% per year, how many days per year must the equipment be required to justify its purchase? The number of days per year the equipment must be required is determined to be