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- List the three traditional tools that a central bank has for controlling the money supply.Humongous Bank is the only bank in the economy. The people in this economy have 20 million in money, and they deposit all their money in Humongous Bank. Humongous Bank decides on a policy of holding 100 reserves. Draw a T-account for the bank. Humongous Bank is required to hold 5 of its existing 20 million as reserves, and to loan out the rest. Draw a T-account for the bank after it has made its first round of loans. Assume that Humongous bank is part of a multibank system. How much will money supply increase with that original 19 million loan?Assuming an economy have only two commercial banks in it banking system, Classic Bank and Prudent Bank. The following shows the balance sheet of the two banks as at 2019.Classic BankBalance sheet as at December, 2019GHSm GHSmAssets: Liabilities & Equity:Reserves 1,000 Deposits 3,000Securities 2,000 Equity 7,000Loans & Advances 1,000Property, Plant and Equipment 6,000 .10,000 10,000 Prudent BankBalance sheet as at December, 2019GHSm GHSmAssets: Liabilities & Equity:Reserves 600 Deposits 2,500Securities 1,500 Equity 4,400Loans & Advances 800Property, Plant and Equipment 4,000 .6,900 6,900Assume a required reserve ratio of 10%.(a) What is the amount of excess reserves in this commercial banking system? (b)What is the maximum amount that the money supply can be expanded? What would be the effect of a fall in reserve ratio to 5%, on the maximum amount that the money supply can be expanded? (c) Determine the stock of broad money supply assuming the non-bank public holds…
- a. Distinguish between legally required reserves and excess reserves. b. Why don’t banks hold a 100 percent reserves? How is the amount of reserves bank hold related to the amount of money the banking system creates? c. Define the term money multiplier? d. Assume that Lucky Bank is required to hold a 10% deposits as reserves, and there is a $3000 increase in demand deposits. Calculate the money multiplier? How much additional new demand deposits couldthe $3,000 deposit support?a. Suppose a certain bank has $5M in capital, demand deposits totaling $40M, holds 15% reserves, and invests solely in high-risk loans. Sketch out this bank’s balance sheet.b. Now suppose that 10% of the loans completely default. What does this bank’s balance sheet look like? Hold demand deposits constant for this question.c. Finally, assume depositors, fearing insolvency, withdraw $15M from the bank. The bank can sell loans only at a 25% discount. Barring any inter-bank borrowing, does this bank remain solvent? Why or why not?§Suppose that the T-account for First National Bank is as follows: Assets Liabilities Reserves: 90.000-TL Deposits: 500.000-TL Loans: 410.000-TL § §If the Central Bank requires banks to hold 10% of deposits as reserves, how much in excess reserves does First National Bank now hold? MM=1/rr MM=1/(10/100) MM=10 40000*10=400000TL §Assume that all other banks hold only the required amount of reserves. If First National decides to reduce its reserves to only the required amount, by how much would the economy’s money supply increases?
- 1. a)True or false and explain: If bank's expectations cause them to reduce lending there will be an unanticipated increase in the money supply. b) Suppose banks have a 20% reserve requirement and hold no excess reserves. Banks have $4500 in reserves and the non-bank private sector holds $1500 in currency. What is the total money supply? What happens to the total money supply if the non-bank private sector deposits $500 of their currency into the banking system? c)Suppose there was only one firm that manufactured wooden barber poles (the red and white striped pole outside barber shops). Would this firm have pure monopoly power? Explain!. Assume that the banking system has total reservesof $100 billion. Assume also that required reservesare 10 percent of checking deposits and that bankshold no excess reserves and households hold nocurrency.a. What is the money multiplier? What is the moneysupply?b. If the Fed now raises required reserves to20 percent of deposits, what are the change inreserves and the change in the money supply4. The U.S. Federal Reserve responded to the 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns by imple-menting an expansionary monetary policy, causing M2 money supply to rise from $15.33 trillion in December 2019 to $18.3 trillion in July 2020. Over the same period, real GDP fell by 5.1 percent. (a) Assuming that the velocity of money was constant over this period, what should theinflation rate be, based on the quantity equation? Show your work. (b) Why would you not expect inflation to be immediate, following the monetary ex-pansion?
- The central bank buys worth of bonds in the open market from Joe, who deposits the proceedsin his checking account at Bank. The required reserve ratio is .(a) What is the amount by which Bank’s liabilities have changed? Explain.(b) Calculate the change in required reserves for Bank. Show your work.(c) What is the dollar value of the maximum amount of new loans Bank can initially make as aresult of Joe’s deposit? Explain.(d) Based on the central bank’s open-market purchase of bonds, calculate the maximum amount bywhich the money supply can change throughout the banking system. Show your work.(e) How will the change in the money supply in part (d) affect aggregate demand and the price level inthe short run? ExplainConsider the model of supply and demand for central bank money. Assumethat there there are commercial banks. Suppose that people hold 20% of their moneyin currency and 80% of their money in deposits. The central bank sets the reserve-todeposit ratio at 10%. In the first period, the central bank increases the supply of moneyby $200, buying bonds through Open-Market Operations. Use this information to answerthe following questions:(a) For the second period (after the central bank has injected $200 in theeconomy), calculate: (i) the demand for currency, (ii) the amount of deposit held atthe commercial banks, (iii) the demand for reserves held at the central bank, and(iv) the demand for the high-powered money. How much is the additional moneysupply created at the end of the second period?2(b) How much is the additional money supply created at the end of the thirdperiod?(c) As time continues, additional money supply will be created. Calculatethe total increase in the money supply as a…Suppose the Fed buys $1 million of bonds from theFirst National Bank. If the First National Bank and allother banks use the resulting increase in reserves topurchase securities only and not to make loans, whatwill happen to checkable deposits?
