Which of the following does not correctly describe the isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in skeletal muscle and heart muscle?
Q: Identify the means by which the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is regulated.
A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase is a convergence point in the regulation of the metabolic finetuning between…
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A: Tri carboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is an amphibolic pathway that means it involves both catabolic and…
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A: The muscles and the liver respond in distinct ways to the same hormone signal, thus participating in…
Q: Is the statement during fatty acid biosynthesis, NADH is used as the reducing equivalent in the…
A: Ans: Fatty acid synthesis, the process formation of fatty acids from acetyl CoA and NADPH with the…
Q: Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate? O a) Pyruvate…
A: Proper anaerobic conditions allow lactate to be produced from pyruvate. In the aerobic conditions,…
Q: Name two forms of control of enzymatic action. Which of the two is more important in control of…
A: Enzymes are specialized proteins that can catalyze biochemical reactions. Enzymes can be classified…
Q: How many acetyl CoA molecules can be produced during the complete β-oxidation of this fatty acid?
A: Answer- Beta oxidation is the biochemical reaction in which fatty acids molecules are broken down to…
Q: Which isoenzyme of Lactate dehydrogenase is present in blood?.
A: Isoenzymes are physically different from of enzyme that catalyses same biochemical reactions.
Q: The complete oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate derived from free glucose yields 30 molecules ATP,…
A: Glycolysis is the catabolic process of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, ATP, and NADH. these…
Q: Which of the following citric acid cycle enzymes catalyzes substrate-level phosphorylation
A: The citric acid cycle is also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle or the Krebs cycle. It is a…
Q: Which of the following cofactors is NOT used by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? a. NAD+ b. FAD…
A: The pyruvate formed by the process of glycolysis is converted into acetyl-CoA. The reaction is…
Q: Why is reciprocal regulation a key feature of glucose metabolism?
A: Carbohydrate metabolism is the whole of biochemical processes responsible for the metabolic…
Q: Which of the following is a negative regulator of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)? 1.…
A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) : It converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA via pyruvate…
Q: Which of the following are associated with a highly active Glycogen Phosphorylase pathway?
A: Glycogen phosphrylase is an enzyme which undertakes phosphoroclastic cleavage into glycogen, thus…
Q: The conversion of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA is the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. Which…
A: Fatty acid biosynthesis is a process where fatty acids are generated from various compounds &…
Q: Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate? Select one: a.…
A: Enzymes are protein substances that are involved in the regulation of the rate which chemical…
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A: Aminotransferases belong to transferases enzyme that transfers one group into another and glutamate…
Q: What is the cost (in ATP equivalents) of transforming glucose to pyruvate via glycolysis and back…
A: Glycolysis is an oxidative process in which one mole of glucose is partially oxidized into the two…
Q: Which of the following sequences represents the correct general sequence of oxidative fatty acid…
A: Beta-oxidation of fatty acid is the catabolic reaction by which fatty acid molecules are broken down…
Q: What are the effects of Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency? Explain its mechanism of…
A: Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase is an important Enzyme of redox metabolism in RBC in which it…
Q: Why is it essential that the mechanisms that activate glycogen synthesis also deactivate glycogen…
A: Glycogen is a polysaccharide that facilitates the energy storage functions in animals, bacteria,…
Q: Name the following enzymes: a. enzyme responsible for the cutting of the sugar on the nonreducing…
A: Asked : Enzymes for the given statement
Q: Two carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as acetyl-CoA. In what form are two carbon atoms…
A: The citric acid cycle is the central metabolic pathway that involves the oxidation of acetyl CoA…
Q: How would riboflavin deficiency affect the functioning of the tricarboxylic acid cycle?
A: “Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If youwant any…
Q: Name the following pathways:(a) Pathway for synthesis of glycogen(b) Pathway for release of glucose…
A: A metabolic pathway is a set of chemical reactions linked to one another and feeds to one another.…
Q: The coenzymes required for the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are a. biotin,…
A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase was a multifunctional enzyme that was located in mitochondria and catalysis…
Q: How do the cytosolic and mitochondrial isozymes of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase differ from…
A: Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, abbreviated as GPDH is an enzyme that is responsible for the…
Q: Would you expect insulin to increase or decrease the activity of the enzyme ATP-citrate lyase?
A: The insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the beta cells of pancreatic islets. The insulin is…
Q: Which of the following is NOT an important precursor of glucose in animals when gluconeogenesis…
A: GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE is not an important precursor of glucose in animals when gluconeogenesis occur.
Q: What is the common end-product of the catabolism of the branched chain amino acids that are…
A: Amino acids are converted to the TCA cycle intermediates through transamination reactions. The TCA…
Q: Why is it advantageous for the liver to have both hexokinase and glucokinase to phosphorylate…
A: Introduction: Glucokinase is an enzyme that aids in the phosphorylation of glucose to produce…
Q: Which of the following glycosidic linkages is hydrolyzed by the a-amylase?
A: α amylase enzyme belongs to the enzyme group of amylase. Amylases hydrolyses the α-1,4-glycosidic…
Q: What type of reaction is catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase and a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?
A: Oxidative decarboxylation is a process in which carbon dioxide is produced through the removal of a…
Q: Is AMP an allosteric inhibitor or activator of glycogen phosphorylase in the muscle or liver
A: Muscle glycogen phosphorylase: AMP act as activator of glycogen phosphorylase -a form (active form)…
Q: How does the yield of ATP from complete oxidation of onemolecule of glucose in muscle and brain…
A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process that occurs during the electron transport chain. During…
Q: What are the substrates and products of the reaction catalyzed by glycogen phosphorylase? Add names
A: Glycogenolysis is a process in which glycogen is converted into glucose.
Q: Which of the following enzymes functions in opposition of PFK, and therefore is inhibited by…
A: Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway through which glucose is converted into pyruvate and…
Q: Which of the following Krebs cycle enzymes generates a molecule of FADH2 from FAD? a-ketoglutarate…
A: The citric acid cycle or the Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic…
Q: Which of the following regulatory mechanisms are used to regulate the enzyme activity of the…
A: Pyruvate dehyrogenase complex converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA.
Q: What prevents the phosphatase activity of PP1 from always inhibiting glycogen degradation?
A: Introduction: Glycogen is stored in the liver and skeletal muscle. To maintain the glucose levels in…
Q: Which of the following enzymes possesses a catalytic mechanism extremely similar to that of the…
A: The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resembles the alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. The…
Q: An intermediate of the citric acid cycle that undergoes reductive amination with glutamine as…
A: The citric acid cycle is a set of chemical reactions that release energy from carbs, lipids, and…
Q: Each of the following enzymes are similar in that they are all regulation points for the…
A: Enzymes are chemical substances that function in several biochemical reactions and help in the…
Q: During glycolysis, fructose 1,6-biphosphate splits into two compounds: ______________ after reacting…
A: The process of glycolysis is defined as the multistep pathway that aims at the production of…
Q: What are the metabolic effects of not being able to produce the M subunit of phosphofructokinase?
A: Introduction: One of the most significant glycolysis regulating enzymes is phosphofructokinase-1…
Q: The rate limiting and committed step of the pentose phosphate pathway is catalyzed by which of the…
A: The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a different process for metabolizing glucose. It is divided…
Q: All of the following serve as substrates for gluconeogenesis, except A. Glucogenic amino acids B.…
A: In gluconeogenesis, glucose or glycogen are synthesized from non carbohydrate substances.
Q: what linkage does glycogen synthase catalyzes?
A: Glycogen synthase is an enzyme involved in glycogen synthesis. Glycogen is synthesized from extra…
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- Over time (a lot of it!) mutations in metabolic enzymes can occur to create versions with different regulation or activity level. Which of the following mutations would result in increased glycolysis in liver cells? Group of answer choices a mutation that destroys the binding site for citrate in fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase a mutation that decreases affinity of GLUT2 for glucose a mutation that destroys the allosteric binding site for AMP in phosphofructokinase a mutation that increases the pyruvate kinase binding site affinity for fructose 1-6-bisphosphateThe following diagram shows the biosynthesis of B12 coenzymes, starting with the vitamin. DMB is dimethylbenzimidazole. (a) What one additional substrate or cofactor is required by enzyme B?(b) Genetic deficiency in animals of enzyme C would result in excessiveurinary excretion of what compound?(c) Some forms of the condition described in (b) can be successfully treatedby injection of rather massive doses of vitamin B12. What kind ofgenetic alteration in the enzyme would be consistent with this result?(d) Genetic deficiency in animals of enzyme B will result in excessive urinaryexcretion of what amino acid?Leigh syndrome is characterized by psychomotor regression: that is, the progressive loss of mental andmovement abilities. Patients also suffer from lacticacidosis, a condition in which mitochondrial respiration is deficient, so their tissues metabolize glucoseanaerobically, leading to the buildup of lactate. Somepatients with Leigh syndrome have a mutation in themitochondrial gene MT-CO3, which encodes a subunit of the electron transport complex cytochromec oxidase. Other patients diagnosed with Leigh syndrome have a loss-of-function mutation in the nucleargene SURF1, which encodes a factor needed for theassembly of this same enzyme complex.a. How can the same symptoms result from mutationsin a mitochondrial gene and from mutations in anuclear gene?
- Which of the following is correct? A. The gene CYP21A2 is the one that codes for the formation of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase B. Simple virilizing form of Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is the most sever form of this disorder C. Salt wasting type of congenita adrenal hyperplasia is the most severe form of this disorder. D. The gene CYP21A1 is the one that codes for the formation of galactokinase in type 2 galactosemia.Corticosteroids (a type of hormone), and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are non-narcotic pain relievers. Both medications are prescribed to reduce inflammation in the body. NSAIDs such as aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen are able to reduce pain, fever, and inflammation by blocking the action of the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX) that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Common corticosteroids include prednisone, cortisone, and methylprednisolone. Choose one of these three corticosteroids. Do some internet research on the corticosteroid that you choose and then explain how the drug works to reduce inflammation.Corticosteroids (a type of hormone), and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are non-narcotic pain relievers. Both medications are prescribed to reduce inflammation in the body. NSAIDs such as aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen are able to reduce pain, fever, and inflammation by blocking the action of the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX) that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Common corticosteroids include prednisone, cortisone, and methylprednisolone. Choose one of these three corticosteroids. The corticosteroid that you choose and then explain how the drug works to reduce inflammation.
- 14CO2 was labeled through a suspension of lever cells that was undergoing gluconeogenesis from lactate to glucose. Which of the following statements is correct?a. C-3 and C-4 carbons in glucose would become radioactive b. C-1 and C-6 carbons in glucose would become radioactive c. C-2 and C-5 carbons in glucose would become radioactive d. All of the above are correcte. None of the above are correctWhich of the following is likely to be correct if all mutases are completely inhibited?a. Removal of glucosyl residues from nonreducing ends of glycogen in the liver is compromised;therefore, release of free glucose into blood from the liver would decreaseb. Glycerol can be efficiently converted into glucose but cannot be efficiently converted into glucosylresidues in glycogen in the liverc. Bothaandbd. Neither a nor bWhich of the following tumor-promoting (oncogenic) proteins promotes increased uptake of glutamine? Group of answer choices Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase Myc GLUT1 HIF-1 Which of the following has the greatest capacity for ATP production by aerobic respiration? fast twitch muscle slow twitch muscle white fat brown fat Which of the following is an inhibitor of Complex I? Azide UCP1 Catalase Rotenone Which of the following facilitates electron transfer from a 2 electron carrier to a 1 electron carrier? Complex II Complex I Complex III Complex IV
- Which of the following is NOT TRUE about fatty acid biosynthesis? A. 8 NADPH is used to produce palmitate. B. The growing fatty acid chain is elongated by the sequential addition of two-carbon units. C. The process is repeated 7 times to produce palmitate. D. The process occurs in the cytosol.a. Starting with acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria, how many ATP molecules are needed to synthesize a 14 C fatty acid? A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12 b. How many FADH2 molecules will be obtained from the complete oxidation of Myristic acid to CO2 ? A. 13 B. 11 C. 15 D. 17 c. If the complete oxidation of a saturated fatty acid result in the production of 82 ATP molecules, how many ATP molecules will be obtained from a mono-unsaturated fatty acid of similar length? A. 80.5 B. 82 C. 84.5 D. 83.5Of eight enzymes in the CAC, why is the succinate dehydrogenase complex unique? Because it is a component of the electron transport chain Because it catalyzes an oxidative reaction Because it is an integral membrane protein All of the above Only A and C