Identify the means by which the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is regulated.

Q: If glutamate were labeled with C-14 at the delta-carbon and added via transamination to the citric…

A: Citric Acid Cycle:   is the cyclic metabolic pathway for the oxidation of various intermediates…

Q: Briefly describe the dual role of lipoic acid in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

A: Lipoic acid is essentially used in aerobic processes. It is important biological compound for the…

Q: Explain what will happen to reactions of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex when there is a deficiency…

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a complex formed by 3 enzymes that converts pyruvate into…

Q: Explain the efficiency of using the citric acid cycle to oxidize acetyl CoA.

A: The citric acid cycle or TCA cycle is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms…

Q: Describe the common characteristic among the reactions catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH),…

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ID), and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase…

Q: Explain why the reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a crucial juncture in…

A: The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of…

Q: After several days of starvation, the capacity of the liver to metabolize acetyl-CoA via the citric…

A: The citric acid cycle is involved in cell respiration and produces NADH and FADH2 for the electron…

Q: Why do deficiencies in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase frequently present as anemia?

A: Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) deficiency is a genetic abnormality that results in an inadequate amount…

Q: Draw a plausible mechanism for the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate by isocitrate…

A: Isocitrate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate,…

Q: Select the following enzymes that utilize a mechanism where ATP serves as the phosphate donor.…

A: Aerobic metabolism is a set of three basic metabolic processes that occur in cells to generate…

Q: Give one metabolic intermediate that is released as pyruvate is oxidized by the pyruvate…

A: Glucose is metabolized through the glycolytic pathway to synthesize energy in the form of ATP and…

Q: Explain the biochemical consequences of Glucose-6-Phosphatase deficiency that results in gout due to…

A: The enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase regulates the release of glucose from glycogen stored in the liver.…

Q: Describe the reaction catalyzed by each enzyme: (a) aspartate transaminase; (b) glyceraldehyde…

A: Introduction: a) Transamination is the transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to an α-keto…

Q: Identify at least five biological effects of disorders of the citric acid cycle

A: In our body their are lot of metabolism pathways are carried out apart from them citric acid cycle…

Q: write a balanced equation for the overall reaction catalyzed by each of the three enzymes in the…

A: The pyruvate dehyrdrogenase complex is complex of 3 enzymes that plays a role in the metabolsim by…

Q: Identify the three important products of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway AND indicate how…

A: The Oxidative Pentose Phosphate pathway is a metabolic pathway alternative to glycolysis for…

Q: Explain the mode of action of glucoamylase.

A: An enzyme is a protein that is capable of accelerating the rate of a biochemical reaction by…

Q: NADH can act as an inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase and a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. This is…

A: Hi! As you have posted multiple questions  which is to be answered, we are authored to answer  first…

Q: The pyruvate →lactate reaction in animals is reversible, but the pyruvate → ethanol fermentation in…

A: Anaerobic respiration or fermentation is conversion of glucose into energy which is very less as…

Q: Predict which one of the five steps of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex reaction is…

A: Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is a highly regulated enzyme, which could determine the metabolic…

Q: How does increasing the ADP/ATP ratio influence isocitrate dehydrogenase activity?

A: A Isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate, resulting in…

Q: Discuss the assertion that the Citric acid cycle is central for metabolism.

A: The citric acid cycle involves a series of chemical reactions to release stored energy through the…

Q: Briefly describe the fate of pyruvate in metabolism under anaerobic versus aerobic conditions

A: Aerobic glycolysis occurs in presence of oxygen where oxidation of glucose takes place and converted…

Q: Describe the advantage of regenerating oxaloacetate at the end of each turn of the citric acid…

A: ATP is the energy currency for all living cells. The citric acid cycle is also known as the…

Q: Identify the primary catabolic purpose of the citric acid cycle

A: The citric acid (CAC) cycle is the primary catabolic process, which helps to convert the pyruvate…

Q: Discuss the mechanisms of control of the irreversible steps in the citric acid cycle.

A: Introduction: The TCA cycle fundamentally includes the synthesis of a two-carbon acetyl CoA with…

Q: Distinguish between catalytic coenzymes and stoichiometric coenzymes in the pyruvate dehydrogenase…

A: The Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex consists of five different coenzymes such as thiamine…

Q: Explain How arsenic affects the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction is a reaction in which pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA.

Q: Describe in detail the structure of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

A: Introduction The formation of Acetyl-CoA from Pyruvate formed after Glycolysis is regulated by a…

Q: Outline the conditions that direct pyruvate toward the following:(a) Entry into the citric acid…

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three sub-parts for…

Q: If the carbonyl carbon of acetyl-CoA were marked with 14C, where would that carbon be located within…

A: Metabolism includes biosynthesis/ reduction (an anabolic process) and oxidation (catabolic…

Q: Draw a plausible mechanism for the oxidation of dihydrolipoamide to lipoamide by the E3 subunit…

A: A trivial term for 6,8-dithiooctanoic amide is lipoamide. Lipoamide is an efficient form of lipoic…

Q: Diagram the reactions involving glutamate dehydrogenaseand glutamine synthetase that produce…

A: Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a nitrogen metabolism enzyme that plays an important role. Glutamate…

Q: Show a balanced equation for the synthesis of glucose from acetyl-CoA via the glyoxylate cycle

A: The glyoxylate cycle is a cyclic pathway that converts two molecule of acetyl-CoA to one molecule of…

Q: Explain the reasons for the oxidation of acetate through complex pathways in the citrate cycle.

A: TCA or tricarboxylic acid cycle is the second step of aerobic cellular respiration. It is an…

Q: Explain why it makes metabolic sense for acetyl-CoA, which is not a substrate for gluconeogenesis,…

A: Acetyl-CoA : It is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein,…

Q: Describe the sources and fates of acetyl CoA

A: The enzyme which takes part in the various biochemical reaction and delivering of the acetyl group…

Q: describe how the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is regulated?

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a three-enzyme complex that decarboxylates pyruvate into…

Q: Write an equation for the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.

A: The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDC) complex is considered as the crucial complex, which is known to…

Q: Describe the role played by each enzyme, cofactor, andcoenzyme of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

A: Introduction: The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is done by oxidative decarboxylation. This…

Q: Compare the regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in muscle and in liver.

A: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a multienzyme complex that contains three enzymes that are…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.