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- Mathematically prove that balanced budget multiplier is one. Interpret itMost economists argue that we should not strive to balance the budget on an annual basis and prefer to look at the structural budget. Some point out Hoover’s tax folly to emphasize their point. Explain what they are talking about.a) Write the equation representing snapshot of budget and Indicate the status of the budget as having a surplus or deficit, or balanced at Zero and explain why? How is this budget expected to affect the GDP? Explain! (b) Use the lump-sum tax and the MPC to calculate the decrease in consumption due to this lump sum tax (show all your calculations); then use the change in consumption you just obtained to find the consumption after tax (ca-fill in the column 7 below). (c) Use the Ca to find the (after-tax) aggregate expenditures for the 4-sector private-public-open economy (AEa) and fill in the column 8; Now use the column 1 and column 8 to find the new equilibrium GDP and DI in the 4-sector model. (d) Has GDP increased in the 4-sector compared with those in the previous 3-sector equilibrium? If so, by how much? What is the effective multiplier from 3-sector to 4-sector and why? Explain. (e) Has DI changed from 3-sector to 4-sector? Why/why not? How about consumption and savings? Explain…
- There is a consumer who lives for two periods. Her income is given by Y1 and Y2. She has access to the credit marketwith the interest rate r. The government collects lump-sum taxes T1 >0 and T2 >0. The government can run asurplus or a deficit, but must borrow (or save) in the credit market at the interest rate r, same as the consumer.1. Write down the government intertemporal budget constraint. Note that the government also has the accessto the credit market. Write down the consumer’s budget constraint. Show the consumption choicegraphically.2. Imagine that the government decreases the taxes in period 1 and raises tax in period 2 to pay back any debtand interest from the previous period. This is anticipated by consumers. Show the new consumption choice.How does that compare to the result from the previous section.3. Assume that the government is not constraint by the balanced budget and can have deficit in both periods.Now the government is being generous and pays transfers T1…Assume that the economy is now governed by a government and begins trading with other economies. The economy is described by the following set of equations. ?=1000+0.5⋅?d ID = 600 G=700 T=400 EX=0.1⋅Y IM=100+0.1⋅Y YD = Y - T Calculate the equilibrium level of output Y* a) 2857 b) 4000 c) 6274 d) 4400 Whats the government expenditure multiplier? Whats the tax multiplier? Whats the ba;anced budget multiplier?3. An economy shows the following featuresConsumption, C = 50 + 0.9YdTax Revenue, T = 100Investment, I = 150 – 5iGovernment Expenditure, G = 100Money demand, L = 0.2Y – 10iMoney Supply, M = 100Exports, X = 20Imports, M = 10 + 0.1YN/BYd is the disposable incomeRequired,(a) Obtain the IS and LM equations of the economy(b) Find the equilibrium income and rate of interest(c) Find the balance of trade
- 16. If consumers in a country spend 4/5 of their disposable income. If their governmentdecreases its spending by 55 trillion and in order to maintain a balanced budgetsimultaneously decreases taxes by 55 trillion. Calculate the effect of the 55 trillion change ingovernment spending and 55 trillion change in taxes on the country’s aggregate demand.Only typed answer and please don't use chatgpt Why will temporary tax increase be insignificant in reducing consumption expenditures by the amount expected a. Because viewed the tax increase as permanent. b. Because people choose to increase their savings. C become people viewed taco increases temporarily d. Consumption expenditure are not related to level of taxtationQuestion2. Given: C = 250 + 0.8 Y I = 150G = 300TR = 100NX = 100t =0.25i) Find the equilibrium level of income.ii) Suppose, b 50, MPS falls to .05, I falls to10, G falls to 100 and NX falls to 10. How much TR should the government increase to havethe same level of equilibrium income as in part i)?iii) In determining the required change in TR in part ii), which multiplier did you use and why?(Hint: keep in mind the consumption tendency households may have under the COVID 19situation in selecting the multiplier).iv) Draw a graph to show the appropriate changes between part i) and part ii).v) Give an example related to current Bangladeshi situation where the government may follow a'Transfer Promoting Policy' instead of a 'Growth Promoting Policy' in determining who gets thetransfer payment.vi) Instead of paying transfer (TR) if the government were to increase government spending (G),what type of crowding out would you expect? Briefly explain.vii) As we have observed recently that, a lot…
- If you were given the chance to create or amend the 2021 National Budget Plan, What executive department should receive the lion's share (biggest budget)? note: Please choose Department of Health because of COVID-19 pandemic. - What are the projects and programs that needed to be implement? Are these revenue expenditures or capital expenditures? - Is it for long term or by phase implementation? - Where are the locations of the projects? Urban areas or rural areas? - How long do you see the department getting the lion's share? Justify the forecast.Why is spending by the U.S. government on scientific research at NASA fiscal policy while spending by the University of Illinois is not fiscal policy? Why is a cut in the payroll tax fiscal policy whereas a cut in a state income tax is not fiscal policy?a greatera smallerdecrease in government spendingdecrease in net taxesincrease in government spendingincrease in net taxesnono change in government spendingno change in net taxes