Which of the following is the correct order of mechanism of how sugar is perceived? Signal transduction caused by the neurons through action potential towards the brain Release of ATP from the activated subunit Binding of molecule on specific ligand and consequent activation of G protein subunit Activation of secondary messengers leading to Cellular depolarization and increase calcium concentration 1, 2, 3, 4 3, 4, 2, 1 3, 1, 4, 2 4, 3, 2, 1
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Which of the following is the correct order of mechanism of how sugar is perceived?
- Signal transduction caused by the neurons through action potential towards the brain
- Release of ATP from the activated subunit
- Binding of molecule on specific ligand and consequent activation of G protein subunit
- Activation of secondary messengers leading to Cellular depolarization and increase calcium concentration
1, 2, 3, 4 |
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3, 4, 2, 1 |
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3, 1, 4, 2 |
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4, 3, 2, 1 |
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- Which of the following enzymes does NOT catalyzes the formation a second messenger? A. PI3K B. Protein kinase C C. Phospholipase C D. Guanylyl cyclase Which of the following statements is correct? A. Lipolysis is inhibited by epinephrine and glucagon B. Phosphorylation of triacylglycerol lipase inhibits its activity C. Activation of protein kinase A inhibits lipolysis D. Fatty acids are activated in mitochondria before undergoing b-oxidation E. Lipolysis is stimulated by cAMP F. None of the aboveHow would the addition of a protein kinase A inhibitor affect the response of an adipocyte to glucagon? A. A protein kinase A inhibitor would block glucagon from binding to its receptor. B. A protein kinase A inhibitor would increase the cell's response to glucagon, enhancing fatty acid mobilization. C. A protein kinase A inhibitor would not affect the cell's response to glucagon. D. A protein kinase A inhibitor would decrease the cell's response to glucagon, weakening the signal for fatty acid mobilization.Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between an enzyme and its function Glycogen phosphorylase: synthesis of glycogen Phosphate: removal of a phosphate group Adenylyl cyclase: conversion of cAMP to AMP Kinase: addition of a lyrosine
- The enzyme glucokinase binds to glucose at higher glucose concentrations than does the enzyme hexokinase, but glucokinase only binds to glucose (and not to other hexose sugars). This means that: glucokinase has a higher affinity and a higher specificity for glucose than does hexokinase glucokinase has a higher affinity but a lower specificity for glucose than does hexokinase glucokinase has a lower affinity but a higher specificity for glucose than does hexokinase glucokinase has a lower affinity and a lower specificity for glucose than does hexokinase all of the aboveWhich of the following are true statements about enzyme reactions occurring in a human muscle cell that has been stimulated by epinephrine? There is an amplified production of second messenger cyclic AMP. Glucagon is secreted by the muscle cell. Protein kinase A stimulates phosphorylase kinase which then stimulates phosphorylase to breakdown glycogen. GTP rather than ATP is used in the reaction that produces OAA from PEP Protein kinases remove phosphate groups from proteins. The adrenergic receptor causes the G-protein to lose GDP and bind GTPThe enzyme hexokinase binds to glucose at lower glucose concentrations than does the enzyme glucokinase, but glucokinase only binds to glucose (and not to other hexose sugars). This means that: glucokinase has a stronger affinity but a lower specificity for glucose than does hexokinase glucokinase has a stronger affinity and a higher specificity for glucose than does hexokinase glucokinase has a lower affinity but a higher specificity for glucose than does hexokinase glucokinase has a lower affinity and a lower specificity for glucose than does hexokinase all of the above
- What are the roles of the following signaling molecules in the glucagon pathway: a. Ligand b. Receptor c. GEF d. Heterotrimeric G proteinWhich of the following enzymes are activated after epinephrine/ glucagon bind to their receptors? (select all that apply) Glycogen phosphorylase kinase Acetyl CoA Carboxylase Lipase Glycogen phosphorylase Glycogen Synthase Protein Kinase AA common starvation or generalized stress signal produced and sometimes secreted by bacterial, protistan, or fungal cells is a. CAP b. cyclic ATP c. cyclic GTP d. cyclic AMP e. cyclic ADP f. glucose g. Lactic acid h. Ethanol or CO2
- Which of the following is the primary process by which insulin stimulates glucose transport into adipose tissue cells?A) Activating Na+-K+ ATPaseB) Increasing synthesis of the glucose transporterC) Phosphorylating glucose to maintain the gradient of free glucose across the cellD) Promoting movement of the glucose transporter from the cytoplasm to the cell membraneCorticosteroids (a type of hormone), and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are non-narcotic pain relievers. Both medications are prescribed to reduce inflammation in the body. NSAIDs such as aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen are able to reduce pain, fever, and inflammation by blocking the action of the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX) that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Common corticosteroids include prednisone, cortisone, and methylprednisolone. Choose one of these three corticosteroids. Do some internet research on the corticosteroid that you choose and then explain how the drug works to reduce inflammation.Corticosteroids (a type of hormone), and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are non-narcotic pain relievers. Both medications are prescribed to reduce inflammation in the body. NSAIDs such as aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen are able to reduce pain, fever, and inflammation by blocking the action of the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX) that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Common corticosteroids include prednisone, cortisone, and methylprednisolone. Choose one of these three corticosteroids. The corticosteroid that you choose and then explain how the drug works to reduce inflammation.